literature

Frequency of Antiretroviral Resistance Mutations among Infants Exposed to Single-Dose Nevirapine and Short Course Maternal Antiretroviral Regimens: ACTG A5207.

PMID: 26525108 2014 Journal of AIDS & clinical research

Abstract: Among the 2 infants with NRTI mutations, one (K70R) was likely maternally transmitted and one (K65R) occurred in the context of breastfeeding exposure to maternal antiretroviral therapy.

Method: Samples positi

Result: The presence of K65R was confirmed in this infant using allele-specific PCR (Table 1).

Simultaneous detection of major drug resistance mutations in the protease and reverse transcriptase genes for HIV-1 subtype C by use of a multiplex allele-specific assay.

PMID: 23985909 2013 Journal of clinical microbiology

Abstract: All the wild-type and mutant alleles were unequivocally distinguished with plasmid templates, and the limits of detection were 1.56% for K219Q and K219E, 3.13% for L76V, 6.25% for K65R, K70R, L74V, L100I, K103N, K103R, Q151M, Y181C, and I47V, and 12.5% for M41L, K101P, K101E, V106A, V106M, Y115F, M184V,

PMID: 24009694 2013 PloS one

Table: K65R

Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.

PMID: 24015311 2013 PloS one

Conclusion: In conclusion, our data suggests that the administration of d4T per se is associated with the emergence of both Q151M and K65R MNR mutations which confer resistance to a large range of NRTIs.

Result: Finally, the Q151M and K65R mutations were positively associated to each other.

Result: In multivariate analysis, besides higher HIV-1 RNA VL level, probably associated with longer duration of failure, we found that d4T-use remained independently associated with the presence of MNR mutations (either Q151M or K65R).

Increasing trends in primary NNRTI resistance among newly HIV-1-diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

PMID: 24093951 2013 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Method: Sequences were analyzed to identify mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to protease and RT inhibitors, as reported by the International AIDS Society-USA in 2010: RT-M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, 69 insert, K70R, L74V,V75I, F77L, L100I, K101P, K103N, V106A, V106M, V108I, Y115F, F116Y,

Effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral therapy and correlates of longitudinal changes in CD4 and viral load among HIV-infected children in Ghana.

PMID: 24119088 2013 BMC infectious diseases

Table: K65R

Incidence and risk factors for first line anti retroviral treatment failure among Ugandan children attending an urban HIV clinic.

PMID: 24215971 2013 AIDS research and therapy

Discussion: In the same study M184V/I occurred in 84%, K65R in 11%, and Q151M in 5% with TAMs occurring in 18% of the NRTIs resistance mutations.

Major groove binding track residues of the connection subdomain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase enhance cDNA synthesis at high temperatures.

PMID: 24303887 2013 Biochemistry

Abstract: Some of them (e.g., F61A, K65R, K65R/V75I, and V148I) had a negative effect on reverse transcription efficiency above 65C.

Highly-sensitive allele-specific PCR testing identifies a greater prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in Japan.

PMID: 24358257 2013 PloS one

Abstract: Results obtained by AS-PCR and bulk sequencing demonstrated good concordance but the AS-PCR enabled the detection of seven additional drug-resistant cases (one M41L, two with K65R, two with K70R, and one M184V) in the RT region.

Abstract: To detect minority populations with drug resistance, we used AS-PCR with mutation-specific primers designed for seven reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations, M41L, K65R, K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V, and T215F/Y, and for three protease inhibitor

[Patterns of HIV-1 resistance to antiretroviral drugs in patients with virologic failure: Roosevelt Hospital, Guatemala 2008-2012].

PMID: 24522307 2013 Revista chilena de infectologia

Abstract: Most frequent mutations were: M184V, K103N and K65R (71, 50 and 22%, respectively).