literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Emergence of HIV drug resistance during first- and second-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings.

PMID: 23687289 2013 The Journal of infectious diseases

Abstract: Complex mutation patterns, including thymidine-analog mutations, K65R, and multinucleoside mutations, are prevalent among cases of treatment failure identified by clinical or immunologic methods.

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations associated with first-line stavudine-containing antiretroviral therapy: programmatic implications for countries phasing out stavudine.

PMID: 23687292 2013 The Journal of infectious diseases

Abstract: Longer therapy increased the risk of TAMs and Q151M but not K65R.

Abstract: Nevirapine increased the risk of TAMs, K65R, and Q151M.

Abstract: RESULTS: Mutations with preferential zidovudine activity, K65R or K70E, occurred in 5.3% of individuals.

Resistance at virological failure using boosted protease inhibitors versus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors as first-line antiretroviral therapy--implications for sustained efficacy of ART in resource-limited settings.

PMID: 23687293 2013 The Journal of infectious diseases

Abstract: There was a statistically significant difference in prevalence of K65R when comparing NNRTI (1.3%) with PI (0.67%); absolute weighted difference 1.0% (95% CI, .3-1.7; P = .00447).

Evaluation of WHO immunologic criteria for treatment failure: implications for detection of virologic failure, evolution of drug resistance and choice of second-line therapy in India.

PMID: 23735817 2013 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Method: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations included in this analysis were as follows: M184V, M184I and M184V/I for lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC) resistance; K65R and K70E, associated with tenofovir (TDF) resistance; thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y, T215F, K219Q, and K219 E, associated with resistance to multiple NRTIs; and multinucleoside mutations, including the

Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.

PMID: 23749952 2013 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: K65R, K103N and M184V/I mutation frequencies were determined each year.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of the K65R, K103N and M184V/I resistance mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) region in HIV-1-infected patients failing antiretroviral-based regimens between the years 2005 and 2010.

Abstract: RESULTS: Among 9586 patients failing their antiretroviral-based regimens from 2005 to 2010, the prevalence of K65R tended to decrease (P = 0.054), while K103N and M184V/I mutation frequencies decreased significan

Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.

PMID: 23749954 2013 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: These results further demonstrate that stavudine can preferentially select for K65R in subtype C virus and also provide a basis for understanding the importance of silent nucleotide polymorphisms in regard to altered HIV drug resistance profiles.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We recently reported the preferential selection of the K65R resistance mutation in subtype C HIV-1 compared with subtype B and showed the underlying mechanism to be dependent on subtype C-specific silent nucleotide polymorphisms.

Abstract: RESULTS: The use of nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors [N(t)RTIs] as single drugs or in combination confirmed the more frequent selection of K65R by multiple N(t)RTIs in a subtype B virus that contained the 64/65 nucleotide polymorp

Identification of a rare mutation at reverse transcriptase Lys65 (K65E) in HIV-1-infected patients failing on nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

PMID: 23749955 2013 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: In addition to K65R (n = 395) and K65N (n = 9), another mutation, K65E, was found in 15 patients.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) mutation K65R confers resistance to nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).

Resistance to tenofovir-based regimens during treatment failure of subtype C HIV-1 in South Africa.

PMID: 23751421 2013 Antiviral therapy

Abstract: An additional five patients had minority K65R populations identified by allele-specific PCR.

Abstract: By sequencing, the K65R was identified in 5 (12%), major non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations in 24 (57%) and the M184V/I in 12 (28%) patients.

Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the K65R prevalence at virological failure is moderately higher in our subtype C population than some non-subtype C HIV cohorts.

Hypersusceptibility mechanism of Tenofovir-resistant HIV to EFdA.

PMID: 23800377 2013 Retrovirology

Result: At physiological dNTP concentrations (1-25 muM) we observed a 1.5-fold decrease in the translocation efficiency of K65R compared to WT RT under these conditions.

Result: Data in Additional file 1: Figure S1 show that WT RT binds EFdA-MP-terminated T/P only slightly stronger than K65R RT (~1.3-fold).

Result: Figure 1 and Table 2 show that RT mutation K65R causes hypersusceptibility to EFdA-TP.

Prevalence of drug resistance mutations and HIV type 1 subtypes in an HIV type 1-infected cohort in rural Tanzania.

PMID: 23806135 2013 AIDS research and human retroviruses

Abstract: The prevalence of major DR-SNPs in 2005-2007 in the RT gene was determined: K103N (5.0%), Y181C (2.5%), M184V (2.5%), and G190A (1.7%), and M41L, K65KR, K70KR, and L74LV (0.8%).

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