A role of template cleavage in reduced excision of chain-terminating nucleotides by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase containing the M184V mutation.
Abstract: Based on these results, we propose that enhanced RNase H cleavage near the primer terminus plays a role in M184V suppression of AZT resistance, while K65R suppression occurs through a different mechanism.
Abstract: In contrast to the effect of M184V, the K65R mutation suppressed the excision activity of RT to the same extent on either an RNA or a DNA template and did not alter the RNase H cleavage pattern.
Emergence of minor drug-resistant HIV-1 variants after triple antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of vertical HIV-1 transmission.
Result: Additional mutations in the HIV-1 genome were detected in three women: One woman each harbored the V106A (together with K103N, Y181C and M184V), the K65R (together with T215F) and the G190A
Table: K65R
Discussion: reported of successful treatment despite pre-existing minor K65R, K103N and M184V-variants in German Truvada cohort, several other studies have shown that the presence of drug-resistant minor variants increased the risk for subsequent treatment failure for NNRTI-, protease inhibitor- and AZT-containing treatment.
Comparative analysis of drug resistance among B and the most prevalent non-B HIV type 1 subtypes (C, F, and CRF02_AG) in Italy.
PMID: 22417570
2012
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: In NRTI-treated patients having experience with abacavir, didanosine, tenofovir, or stavudine the K65R mutation was mostly prevalent in the C subtype.
Low prevalence of transmitted drug resistance in patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in Sweden 2003-2010.
Method: The following resistance mutations were scored: to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs): M41L, K65R, D67N/G/E, T69D/insertion, K70R/E, L74V/I, V75M/T/A/S, F77L, Y115F, F116Y, Q151M, M184V/I, L210W, T215Y/F/I/S/C/D/V/E, K219Q/EN/R; to non-nucleoside revers
Patterns of HIV-1 drug resistance after first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure in 6 sub-Saharan African countries: implications for second-line ART strategies.
Discussion: It would have been of interest to look at the K65R and thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs), but there were insufficient data points available for appropriate ROC analysis to be performed.
Transmitted drug resistance and phylogenetic relationships among acute and early HIV-1-infected individuals in New York City.
PMID: 22592583
2012
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
4Method: ARV resistance was defined by mutations at the following positions: M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, T69ins, K70R, L74VI, Y115F, F116Y, Q151M, M184VI, T210W, T215YF and K219QE for Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI), L100I, K101EP, K103NS, V106AM
Pre-steady state kinetic analysis of cyclobutyl derivatives of 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate as inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
Introduction: Compound 5 was also more efficiently incorporated compared to the clinically available tenofovir diphosphate 2 with both the wild type and K65R mutant forms of HIV-1 RT.
Introduction: One such mutation is K65R, which causes resistance against tenofovir (TFV or PMPA).
Introduction: Recent work has been performed to solve the crystal structures of wild type and the K65R mutant of RT in the presence of a primer-template and dATP or TFV-DP.
Introduction: Similar to the natural substrate and TFV-DP, the K65R mutation greatly decreases the rate of incorporation perhaps in the same manner, through the restriction of the R72 and its interaction with the phosphonate group present in the cyclobutyl compound.
Introduction: Upon administration of tenofovir to
K65R in subtype C HIV-1 isolates from patients failing on a first-line regimen including d4T or AZT: comparison of Sanger and UDP sequencing data.
Abstract: 18 isolates from naive patients and dilutions of a control K65R plasmid were analysed by Sanger plus UDPS.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: We and others have shown that subtype C HIV-1 isolates from patients failing on a regimen containing stavudine (d4T) or zidovudine (AZT) exhibit thymidine-associated mutations (TAMs) and K65R which can impair the efficacy of Tenofovir (TDF) at second line.
Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: While Sanger sequencing of subtype C isolates from treated patients at failure of d4T or AZT plus 3TC plus NVP or EFV exhibited numerous mutations including TAMs and 8% K65R, UDPS quantitation of K65R variants in the same series did not provide any more information than Sanger.
Abstract: Depending on the various studies, the prevalence of K65R substitution as determined by the Sanger method rang
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2012
PloS one
Browser Board
Co-occurred Entities
Filtrator
ViMRT