Introduction: K65R mutation is associated with resistance to all NRTIs except zidovudine (AZT); M184V confers resistance to abacavir (ABC), emtricitabine (FTC), and lamivudine (3TC), whereas Y181C mutation confers resistance to all NNRTIs.
Characterization of HIV-1 Resistance to Tenofovir Alafenamide In Vitro.
PMID: 26149983
2015
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: In this study, selection of in vitro resistance to both TAF and the parent compound, TFV, led to the emergence of HIV-1 with the K65R amino acid substitution in RT with 6.5-fold-reduced susceptibility to TAF.
Resistance against Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors and Relevance to HIV Persistence.
Introduction: Less frequently, the K65R substitution in RT was found in combination with M184I/V and integrase resistance mutations.
Introduction: Resistance mutations that were found in viral isolates from treatment-naive participants who experienced treatment failure during the initial dose-ranging Protocol 004 clinical trial were: L74L/M, V151I, N155H, Y143R and S230R in integrase (IN) and M184M/I/V and K65K/R in RT (Table 1).
Table: PMID: 26253002
2015
Retrovirology
Conclusion: These findings are reassuring, particularly for regions with prevalent HIV-1 with the K65R mutation.
Introduction: A K65R mutation in the reverse transcriptase gene of HIV-1, which confers low-level (~2-5 fold) resistance to TFV, has been documented in patients failing TFV-containing regimens and may increase exposure of uninfected persons to TFV-resistant HIV-1K65R viruses.
Introduction: Furthermore, the K65R mutation is known to have a high fitness cost to viral replication, and thus is often rapidly outgrown by the more fit wild-type virus.
Introduction: Here, we expand the use of the macaque model
Result: Analysis of SHIV reverse transcriptase sequences at time of infection confirmed the presence of K65R in all infected animals (data not shown).
Assessing transmissibility of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations from treated and from drug-naive individuals.
Result: Mutations M41L (above) and L74I/V (below) were outside the CI for Portugal but not for DE, and T69N (above) and K65R (below) were outside the CI for DE but not for Portugal.
Longitudinal Detection and Persistence of Minority Drug-Resistant Populations and Their Effect on Salvage Therapy.
Introduction: In this study, we used AS-PCR to analyze expression dynamics of eight drug resistance mutations (M41L, K65R, K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V and T215F/Y) during the clinical course of ARV-treated individuals with documented virologic failures and drug-resistant HIV-1.|mgd
Method: Briefly, mutation-specific primers were designed for seven reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations, M41L, K65R, K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V, and T215F/Y (S1 Table).
The Nucleoside Analog BMS-986001 Shows Greater In Vitro Activity against HIV-2 than against HIV-1.
PMID: 26392486
2015
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: BMS-986001 also exhibited full activity against HIV-2 variants whose genomes encoded the single amino acid changes K65R and Q151M in reverse transcriptase, whereas the M184V mutant was 15-fold more resistant to the drug than the parental HIV-2ROD9 strain.
Baseline HIV-1 resistance, virological outcomes, and emergent resistance in the SECOND-LINE trial: an exploratory analysis.
Abstract: Emergent resistance was associated with the raltegravir group (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.02-5.99; p=0.05), baseline log10 viral load (1.83, 1.12-2.97; p=0.02), and absence of the Lys65Arg (K65R) or Lys70Glu (K70E) mutation at baseline (3.18, 1.12-9.02; p=0.03).
Comparison of 454 Ultra-Deep Sequencing and Allele-Specific Real-Time PCR with Regard to the Detection of Emerging Drug-Resistant Minor HIV-1 Variants after Antiretroviral Prophylaxis for Vertical Transmission.
Result: 22: V106V/A) detected by Sanger sequencing, V106A was identified by UDS at <11%, whereas the K65R could not be confirmed due to insufficient RTP coverage (Tables 2 and 3).
Result: Seven 3TC-selected mutations (K65R or M184I) were present in six samples at frequencies of 1.0% to 6.1% (Table 2).
Table: K65K/R
Table: K65R
Low Incidence of HIV-1C Acquired Drug Resistance 10 Years after Roll-Out of Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia: A Prospective Cohort Study.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2015
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
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