Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (B/F/TAF) From Dolutegravir (DTG)+F/TAF or DTG+F/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) in the Presence of Pre-existing NRTI Resistance.
PMID: 32701823
2020
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: RESULTS: In total, 83% (470/565) of participants had baseline genotypic data available with NRTI-R detected in 24% (138/565), including 5% (30/565) with K65R/E/N or >=3 thymidine analog mutations and 19% (108/565) with other NRTI-R mutations.
Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus-1 drug-resistant mutations among adults on first- and second-line antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited health facility in Busia County, Kenya.
PMID: 33654530
2020
The Pan African medical journal
Result: Predominant NNRTIs mutations were K103N, Y181C, G190A, H221Y, and K101E; NRTIs were M184V, Y115F, K65R, K70R, D67N and PIs were I54V, F53L and V82A (Table 2).
Table: K65R
Discussion: Our findings reveal major mutations conferring resistance to NRTIs with M184V, Y115F,
Dolutegravir plus lamivudine for maintenance of HIV viral suppression in adults with and without historical resistance to lamivudine: 48-week results of a non-randomized, pilot clinical trial (ART-PRO).
Abstract: Baseline next-generation sequencing detected lamivudine resistance mutations (M184V/I and/or K65R/E/N) over a 5% threshold in 15/21 (71 4%) and 3/20 (15%) of partici
Result: Among participants without historical lamivudine resistance, none presented the K65R/E/N mutation but in three and seven cases the M184I mutation was detected with over a 5% or 1% threshold, respectively, including one participant harboring the M184I mutation with a 99% frequency.
Result: Seven participants with historical lamivudine resistance had the M184V/I and/or K65R/E/N mutations detected over the 20% threshold at baseline by next generation sequencing.
Table: K65R/E
Prevalence of HIV-1 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Resistance in Treatment-Naive Voluntary Counselling and Testing Clients by Population Sequencing and Illumina Next-Generation Sequencing in Taiwan.
Result: The most common RAMs to NRTIs were M184V and K65R (1.3%), while those for NNRTIs were V179D (4.5%), V106I (2.7%), and K103N (1.3%), and those for PIs were L10I (13.4%), A71T (5.8%), and L10V (4.0%).
Figure: The figure shows that the most common drug resistance-associated mutations were M184V (1.3%) and K65R (1.3%) for NRTIs, V179D (4.5%), V106I (2.7%) and K103N (1.3%) for PMID: 32381145
2020
Epidemiology and infection
Abstract: Among the DRMs detected, some independently conferred resistance, such as K65R (1.6%, 5/322), Y188C/F/L (0.9%, 3/322), K103N (0.6%, 2/322) and G190A (0.3%, 1/322), which conferred high-level resistance.
Result: Among the key DRMs for NRTIs, K65R (1.6%, 5/322) conferred high-level resistance, T69D (0.3%, 1/322) conferred intermediate resistance and M41L (0.6%, 2/322), D67N (0.6%, 2/322) and T215D (0.3%, 1/322) conferred low-level resistance.
Discussion: Among the detected NRTI resistance mutations, K65R is a key mutation that causes intermediat
Characteristics of drug resistance in HIV-1 CRF55_01B from ART-experienced patients in Guangdong, China.
PMID: 32300784
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Among DRMs, M184V (43.83%) was the most frequent NRTI DRM, followed by K65R (23.46%), and V179E (98.77%) was the most frequent NNRTI DRM, followed by K103N (47.53%) and Y181C (14.81%).
HIV-1 Drug Resistance, Distribution of Subtypes, and Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in Virologic Failure Individuals in Chengdu, Southwest China, 2014-2016.
Result: The most commonly observed mutations with NRTIs were M184I/V (59.59%, 146/245), K65R (28.16%, 69/245), D67N/G (19.18%, 47/24
Discussion: NRTI-associated DRMs M184I/V and K65R and NNRTI-associated DRMs with extensively drug resistance K101E/H/P, V179I/D/E/T, Y181C/V, and G190A/E/K/Q/S/V were detected in CRF55_01B.
Discussion: K65R is one of the mutations with broad-spectrum resistance and was found in more than one-quarter of the cases.
In Vivo Emergence of a Novel Protease Inhibitor Resistance Signature in HIV-1 Matrix.
Result: Baseline genotype (pre-PI) indicated that the individual had developed extensive resistance to first-line ART, with the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations K65R and M184I conferring high-level tenofovir and lamivudine resistance, respectively, as well as K103N and Y181C conferring resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI).
Result: Of note, we observed loss of mutations affecting susceptibility to lamivudine (M184I), tenofovir (K65R), and efavirenz (K103N
Table: K65R
Near point-of-care, point-mutation test to detect drug resistance in HIV-1: a validation study in a Mexican cohort.
Abstract: DESIGN: OLA-Simple probes to detect K65R, K103N/S, Y181C, M184V, and
Discussion: Despite modifications, these K65R probes had the highest rate of IND results (8.5%) mainly due to closely spaced nucleotide variations at codons 67, 68, and 69, including the polymorphic mutation S68G (Supplementary Table 3, http://links.lww.com/QAD/B693).
Discussion: To reduce the IND rate for K65R, a mixture of common probes complementary to these polymorphisms/mutations may be necessary at this site.
Discussion: Universal probes for K65R in the OLA-Simple kit were slightly modified for the subtype B Mexican variants, and these had not been previously validated on clinical specimens.
Prevalence and characteristics of HIV drug resistance among antiretroviral treatment (ART) experienced adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Ndola, Zambia.
Abstract: The mutation M184V which confers resistance to NRTI drugs of lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC) was the most common (81%) among NRTI associated mutations followed by K65R (34.5%) which is associated with both tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) resistance.
Result: Of these (n = 45), 19 had the K65R mutation that confers resistance to tenofovir and abacavir but potentiates the effectiveness of zidovudine as a second line option.
Result: Overall, the 10 most common mutations were M184V (81%), K103N (65.5%), Y188C (36.2%), Y181C (36.2%), V106A (36.2),
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
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