Abstract: The observed mutations for NRTI were K65R, T215I and K219E (33.0% each) and for NNRTI: V106M, Y181C and Y188H (6.0% each).
Phenotype, Genotype, and Drug Resistance in Subtype C HIV-1 Infection.
PMID: 26175454
2016
The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Virologic failure in subtype C is characterized by high resistance to first-line antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, including efavirenz, nevirapine, and lamivudine, with nucleoside resistance including type 2 thymidine analog mutations, K65R, a T69del, and M184V.
Abstract: Despite K65R with the T69del in 9 samples, tenofovir retained activity in >60%.
Abstract: Reversion of the K65R increased susceptibility to tenofovir and other nucleosides, while reversion of the T69del showed increased resistance to zidovudine, with little impact on other NRTI.
Abstract: Site-directed mutagenesis studies of K65R and T69del
HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations in Newly Diagnosed Antiretroviral-Naive Patients in Turkey.
PMID: 26414663
2016
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Primary drug resistance mutations (K65R, M184V) and thymidine analogue-associated mutations (TAMs) were evaluated together as nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations.
Drug Susceptibility and Viral Fitness of HIV-1 with Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Resistance Substitution Q148R or N155H in Combination with Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance Substitutions.
PMID: 26574015
2016
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: As a follow-up, the in vitro characteristics of mutant HIV-1 containing RT-K65R and/or RT-M184V with IN-Q148R or IN-N155H were also evaluated, alone and in combination, for potential interactions.
Abstract: In clinical trials of coformulated elvitegravir (EVG), cobicistat (COBI), emtricitabine (FTC), and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), emergent drug resistance predominantly involved the FTC resistance substitution M184V/I in reverse transcriptase (RT), with or without the tenofovir (TFV) resistance substitution K65R, accompanied by a primary EVG resista
Sub-Epidemics Explain Localized High Prevalence of Reduced Susceptibility to Rilpivirine in Treatment-Naive HIV-1-Infected Patients: Subtype and Geographic Compartmentalization of Baseline Resistance Mutations.
PMID: 26651266
2016
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Result: Major signature NRTI mutations against TDF and FTC M184V (0.8%, n = 35), M184I (0.07%, n = 3), K65R (0.07%, n = 3), and K70E (0.04%, n = 2) were rarely observed.
Preexposure prophylaxis-selected drug resistance decays rapidly after drug cessation.
Abstract: In all four cases, K65R, K70E and M184IV were not detected prior to seroconversion, suggesting PrEP-related resistance was selected and not transmitted.
Abstract: We previously reported that PrEP-related mutations (K65R, K70E or M184IV) were detected by 454 sequencing following seroconversion in nine individuals who acquired HIV during the Partners PrEP Study.
Result: As reported previously, only 5 of the 9 case
Discussion: By 6 months after seroconversion (after PrEP was discontinued), resistance mutations K65R, K70E, and/or M184IV that were present at seroconversion were no longer detected, even with highly sensitive resistance testing.
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
PMID: 26746222
2016
Medical microbiology and immunology
Abstract: A specific focus was put on the prevalence of the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) signature mutation K65R in HIV-1 RT in relation to the application of TDF within ART.
Abstract: The prevalence of K65R decreased from 2.6 % in 2005 to 0.2 % in 2012 despite increased use of TDF-containing ART.
Simplified Paper Format for Detecting HIV Drug Resistance in Clinical Specimens by Oligonucleotide Ligation.
Discussion: With the availability of new drug choices for first-line ART, additional DR mutations such as K65R will likely be needed to more comprehensively assess transmitted and selected HIV DR.
Treatment options after virological failure of first-line tenofovir-based regimens in South Africa: an analysis by deep sequencing.
Abstract: Sanger sequencing missed the K65R mutation in 30% of samples.
Introduction: Another remarkable finding of our study was that, in addition to identifying K65R, additional resistance mutations detected with MiSeq relative to Sanger mainly affected the predicted susceptibility to the second-generation NNRTIs ETR and RPV, but did not largely influence viral susceptibility to other ARVs, including AZT.
Introduction: Considering Sanger and deep sequencing results together and assuming that none of the 5 subjects not evaluable by MiSeq had the K65R mutation, a conservative estimate of the overall prevalence of K65R mutation was 69.6%, a 10.1% increase in prevalence relative to Sanger sequencing.
Introduction: However, its efficacy is diminished in the presence of the K6
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2017
PloS one
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