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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Mechanistic insights into the suppression of drug resistance by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase using alpha-boranophosphate nucleoside analogs.
 PMID: 15550379       2005       The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: Likewise, resistance to 3TCTP by M184V RT (30-fold) and K65R/M184V RT (180-fold) is suppressed using BH3-3TCTP because of a 160-fold acceleration of the catalytic constant kpol.
Abstract: We have shown previously that alpha-boranophosphate nucleoside analogs suppress RT-mediated resistance when the catalytic rate is responsible for drug resistance such as in the case of K65R and dideoxy (dd)NTPs, and Q151M toward AZTTP and ddNTPs.


  Performance of drug-resistance genotypic assays among HIV-1 infected patients with predominantly CRF02_AG strains of HIV-1 in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
 PMID: 15572008       2005       Journal of clinical virology
Abstract: All ten samples with the M184V mutation, three with the K65R, two with the G190A mutation, one with the K103N mutation, and one with the V75T mutation were detected similarly by all three assays.


  Early virological failure in treatment-naive HIV-infected adults receiving didanosine and tenofovir plus efavirenz or nevirapine.
 PMID: 15668550       2005       AIDS (London, England)
Abstract: At month 6, the mutations detected were K65R, L74V, L100I, K103N/R/T, Y181C and G190E/Q/S.


  In vitro activity of structurally diverse nucleoside analogs against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with the K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase.
 PMID: 15728915       2005       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with a lysine-to-arginine substitution at codon 65 (HIV-1(65R)) of reverse transcriptase (RT) can rapidly emerge in patients being treated with specific combinations of nucleoside analog RT inhibitors (NRTIs).


  Diminished replicative fitness of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates harboring the K65R mutation.
 PMID: 15750116       2005       Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: A marked impairment in replicative fitness was observed in association with the selection of viruses carrying the K65R mutation in all patients.
Abstract: Here, we have used for the first time primary HIV-1 isolates from individuals who developed the K65R mutation while enrolled in a clinical trial of tenofovir to analyze the impact of this mutation on HIV-1 replicative fitness.
Abstract: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) resistance mutation K65R confers intermediate levels of resistance to several RT inhibitors, including a three- to fourfold reduction of tenofovir susceptibility.


  Early virological failure with a combination of tenofovir, didanosine and efavirenz.
 PMID: 15751775       2005       Antiviral therapy
Abstract: Additionally, L74V/I and K65R were detected in four and two patients, respectively.


  Evaluation of an oligonucleotide ligation assay for detection of mutations in HIV-1 subtype C individuals who have high level resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
 PMID: 15794978       2005       Journal of virological methods
Abstract: For codons, K103N, Y181C, K65R, Q151M, M184V and T215Y/F, four or more mismatches compared to the probe or mismatches less than four bases from the ligation site were not tolerated.
Abstract: The aim was to evaluate OLA for detecting mutations K103N, Y181C, K65R, Q151M, M184V and T215Y/F in subtype C.


  Clonal analyses of HIV quasispecies in patients harbouring plasma genotype with K65R mutation associated with thymidine analogue mutations or L74V substitution.
 PMID: 15802984       2005       AIDS (London, England)
Abstract: Moreover, the S68G and V75I mutations are not necessarily linked with K65R, and could thus have their own resistance effect.
Abstract: We analysed the quasispecies at a clonal level in patients whose plasma genotypic test harboured K65R with L74V or thymidine analogue mutations (TAM).
Abstract: We found no clone bearing both K65R and L74V substitutions.


  High virological failure rate in HIV patients after switching to a regimen with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors plus tenofovir.
 PMID: 15821395       2005       AIDS (London, England)
Abstract: At failure a new pattern, including the K65R mutation with M184V or thymidine analogue mutations, was observed.


  Mechanism of anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of beta-D-6-cyclopropylamino-2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine.
 PMID: 15855524       2005       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Mutations of leucine 74 to valine and of lysine 65 to arginine had mild to moderate resistance (as high as fivefold).



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