literature

HIV mutation literature information.

HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Genetic Transmission Networks Among MSM Failing Antiretroviral Therapy in South China 2014-2019.

PMID: 34377002 2021 Infection and drug resistance

Abstract: The most common DRMs were M184I/V (42.2%), followed by V179D/E (37.9%) and K65R (27.2%).

Result: Among the NRTI DRMs, M184I/V (42.2%, 166/393) was the most frequent, followed by K65R (27.2%, 107/393).

Result: The most common NRTI mutation pattern was M184V+K65R, with a frequency of 15.0% (59/393).

Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in Black Americans With HIV-1: A Randomized Phase 3b, Multicenter, Open-Label Study.

PMID: 34397746 2021 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Method: Participants had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >=50 mL per minute (calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation) and no documented history of resistance to INSTIs or tenofovir (TFV) resistance defined as K65R/E/N mutations, >=3 thymidine analog mutations, or T69 insertions (See Appendix, Supplemental Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/QAI/B674).

Development of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Resistance to 4'-Ethynyl-2-Fluoro-2'-Deoxyadenosine Starting with Wild-Type or Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Resistant Strains.

PMID: 34516245 2021 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

Abstract: To study EFdA resistance patterns that may emerge in naive or tenofovir (TFV)-, emtricitabine/lamivudine (FTC/3TC)-, or zidovudine (AZT)-treated patients, we performed viral passaging experiments starting with WT, K65R, M184V, or D67N/K70R/T215F/K219Q HIV-1.

Prevalence and factors associated with HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in treatment-experienced patients in Nairobi, Kenya: A cross-sectional study.

PMID: 34622871 2021 Medicine

Result: M184 V/I 87 (28.8%), K65R/E/N 27 (8.9%), L74 V 3 (1.0%), and Y115F 12 (4.0%) were the mutations conferring resistance to NRTIs, along with thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) M41L 14 (4.6%), D67N 17 (5.6%), K70R 20 (6.6%), L210W

Result: K65R/E/N and K70E mutations conferred resistance to TDF and M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E conferred resistance to AZT.

Evaluation of doravirine-based regimen population target in a large Italian clinical center.

PMID: 35485330 2021 Antiviral therapy

Abstract: We also analyzed RAM that can possibly interfere with combination therapy (mostly K65R and M184V).

Rapid HIV-1 drug resistance testing in a resource limited setting: the Pan Degenerate Amplification and Adaptation assay (PANDAA).

PMID: 34795836 2021 The Pan African medical journal

Result: Besides DRMs assessed by PANDAA (K65R, M184V, K103N, Y181C and G190A), additional major DRMs to NRTI (L74I, D67N, K70E and K219R) were found in 3/120 participants (3%), as follows: L74I in combination with M184V were found in 2/120 participants (2%) and D67N +K70E+219R together with M184V occurred in 1 participant (1%).

Result: Pre-treatment drug resistance (K65R, M184V,

Correlation of HIV-1 drug resistant mutations and virologic failure.

PMID: 34584606 2021 The Pan African medical journal

Introduction: These mutations included M184V, K65R,D67N,K70R,K219Q,Q151M, T215F, M41L, T69N, V75M, M41L, T69N, V75M, D67G, V75M, M184I, T215N, M41LM, T215N, K219N,210W, T215Y as NRTIs; K103N/S

Discordance between Etravirine Phenotype and Genotype-Based Predicted Phenotype for Subtype C HIV-1 from First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Failures in South Africa.

PMID: 32071061 2020 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

Abstract: Viruses containing the mutation K65R were associated with reduced ETR susceptibility, but 65R reversions did not increase ETR susceptibility.

Pre-treatment HIV-drug resistance associated with virologic outcome of first-line NNRTI-antiretroviral therapy: A cohort study in Kenya.

PMID: 31956856 2020 EClinicalMedicine

Result: Among the 59 participants with PDR, NNRTI mutations (K103N, Y181C, G190A) were detected in all but one (98 3%) and NRTI mutations (K65R, M184V) were detected in 14 (23 7%).

Table: K65R

Discussion: An economical and easy to use point of care OLA kit that assesses NNRTI mutations K103N, Y181C, G190A and NRTI mutations M184V and K65R could be used in resource-limited settings to test patients prior to starting EFV-based ART, at virologic failure

Comparison of HIV drug resistance profiles across HIV-1 subtypes A and D for patients receiving a tenofovir-based and zidovudine-based first line regimens in Uganda.

PMID: 32005262 2020 AIDS research and therapy

Abstract: As expected, discriminatory DRMs such as K65R, L74I, and Y115F were noted in Tenofovir (TDF) containing regimens while the Thymidine Analogue Mutations (TAMs) L210W and T215 mutations were in Zidovudine (AZT)-based regimens.

Abstract: The most prevalent Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) mutations were M184V/I (67.3%), K219/Q/E (22.6%) and K65R (21.1%).

Discussion: K65R is highly selected for in TDF containing regimens.

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