Abstract: Several mutations associated with resistance to antiviral nucleoside analogs (K65R, L74V, E89G, Q151N, and M184I) dramatically increased RT template-switching frequencies by two- to sixfold in a single replication cycle.
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
Abstract: In 8/9 cases, Q151M mutation was associated with other substitutions at positions known to be involved in HIV-1 resistance: K65R (n = 6), D67N (n = 1), N69S or T (n = 2), K70R (n = 3), M184V (n = 4), S215Y (n = 1).
Genotypic resistance in HIV-1-infected patients with persistently detectable low-level viremia while receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Abstract: The most common mutations were M184V, K65R, and M41L/T215Y.
Patterns of resistance emerging in HIV-1 from antiretroviral-experienced patients undergoing intensification therapy with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
PMID: 15483463
2004
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Development of K65R was associated with mostly low-level changes in phenotypic susceptibility to tenofovir DF and other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and was not associated with viral load rebound.
Abstract: Other than K65R, the patterns of mutations that developed were not significantly different between the tenofovir DF and placebo control arms, suggesting that the background therapies caused their development.
Abstract: The K65R mutation emerged only in patients with no detectable TAMs at baseline, whereas new TAMs developed similarly between patients with or without TAMs at baseline.
Abstract: The K65R mutation, which occurred in 8 patients (3%), was the only emergent mutation directly associated with tenofovir DF therapy.
Abstract: Therefore, intensification with on
In vitro combination of amdoxovir and the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors mycophenolic acid and ribavirin demonstrates potent activity against wild-type and drug-resistant variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
PMID: 15504868
2004
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Similarly, when tested against a mutant virus fully resistant to inhibition by DAPD (K65R/Q151M), MPA and RBV reduced the EC(50) for DAPD to within twofold of that for the wild type.
Effect of concurrent zidovudine use on the resistance pathway selected by abacavir-containing regimens.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Abacavir (ABC) selects for four mutations (K65R, L74V, Y115F and M184V) in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), both in vitro and during monotherapy in vivo.
Abstract: RESULTS: K65R was selected infrequently by ABC-containing regimens in the absence of ZDV (13 of 127 patients), while L74V/I was selected more frequently (51 of 127 patients).
Abstract: Selection of both K65R and L74V/I was significantly reduced by co-administration of ZDV with ABC (one of 86 and two of 86 patients, respectively).
Abstract: The K65R mutation conferred the broadest phenotypic cross-resist
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
Abstract: None out of 216 drug-naive subjects showed K65R.
Abstract: The rate of K65R increased from 0.6% in 1999 to 11.5% in 2004.
Abstract: The recognition of K65R correlated negatively with the presence of thymidine analogue mutations but positively with Q151M.
"[Treatment strategies for human immunodeficiency virus infection or ""return to the future""]."
PMID: 15906447
2004
Medecine et maladies infectieuses
Abstract: Accordingly, the first antiretroviral drug available zidovudine, after being left over for some time, now is an active component of tritherapies because of its ability to reduce the emergence of the K65R resistance mutation induced by some nucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Kinetics of Archived M184V Mutation in Treatment-Experienced Virally Suppressed HIV-Infected Patients.
Abstract: These results demonstrate that the combination of PMPA with 3TC or (-)-FTC selects for the K65R mutation and against the M184V mutation in SIV RT.
Reversion of the M184V mutation in simian immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase is selected by tenofovir, even in the presence of lamivudine.
Abstract: All animals receiving this combination developed the K65R mutation.
Abstract: Variants resistant to both drugs were found to have the lysine-to-arginine mutation at codon 65 (K65R), which has previously been associated with resistance to PMPA in both SIV and HIV.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2004
Journal of virology
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