Transmitted drug resistance, selection of resistance mutations and moderate antiretroviral efficacy in HIV-2: analysis of the HIV-2 Belgium and Luxembourg database.
Abstract: All of these mutations, except K65R and M184V, were also found in variable proportions in ARV-naive patients.
Abstract: Within RT, they were M184V, Q151M, V111I and K65R.
Prevalence and risk factors for developing K65R mutations among HIV-1 infected patients who fail an initial regimen of fixed-dose combination of stavudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine.
Abstract: K65R mutations that occur after failing this regimen prevent the use of tenofovir, didanosine, and abcavir in the second-line regimen.
Abstract: By logistic regression analysis only plasma HIV-1 RNA at failure correlated with the occurrence of K65R mutations [OR 4.2 (95% CI, 1.5-11.2) per 0.5log copies/mL increment of HIV-1 RNA].
Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: Seven percent of patients had K65R mutations after failing an initial d4T/3TC/NVP regimen.
Abstract: HIV-1 RNA at the time that virological failure was detected correlated with the occurrence of K65R mutations.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of K65R mutations after failing d4T/3TC/NVP.
Abstract: Patients with K65R mutations had higher plasma HIV-1 RNA at virolo
National survey of the prevalence and conditions of selection of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase K70E mutation.
Abstract: Concomitant association of K65R and K70E was possible but infrequent (11%).
Abstract: Conversely with K65R mutation, thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) can be concomitantly observed with K70E mutation but its frequency decreased as the number of TAM increases.
Abstract: In conclusion, the K70E mutation could be an alternative pathway of TDF resistance, but as the K65R mutation, other NRTI as ABC, ddI, and 3TC could be also associated with the K70E selection.
Abstract: Key mutation associated with resistance to TDF is a K65R in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene.
Probing the active site steric flexibility of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: different constraints for DNA- versus RNA-templated synthesis.
Abstract: We also report kinetics data for two HIV-1 RT mutants reported to have altered fidelity (F61A and K65R) using DNA templates containing nonpolar base analogues, and find that one of these (F61A) is a high-fidelity enzyme that appears to be sensitive to a loss of hydrogen-bonding groups.
Short communication: the number of HIV major NRTI mutations correlates directly with other antiretroviral-associated mutations and indirectly with replicative capacity and reduced drug susceptibility.
PMID: 18366310
2008
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: RC declined from a mean of 97.8% for samples without NRTI-DRMs to 68.9% with one NRTI-DRM, possibly due to reduced fitness conferred by K65R or M184I/V, to an RC of 43.9% for samples with seven to eight NRTI-DRMs.
Gln151 of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase acts as a steric gate towards clinically relevant acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogues.
Abstract: Assessment of 1177 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) resistance genotypes at an HIV/AIDS clinic showed a decrease in the incidence of the K65R mutation, from 15.2% of isolates during the period 2002-2004 to 2.7% of isolates during the period 2005-2006 (P < .001), despite elevated and stable rates of tenofovir use.
Factors associated with the emergence of K65R in patients with HIV-1 infection treated with combination antiretroviral therapy containing tenofovir.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse-transcriptase mutation K65R is a single-point mutation that has become more frequent after increased use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF).
Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: In settings where thymidine analogue mutations are less likely to be present, such as at start of first-line therapy or after extended treatment interruptions, combinations of TDF with other K65R-inducing components or with efavirenz or nevirapine may carry an enhanced risk of the emergence of K65R.
Abstract: METHODS: A total of 222 patients with genotypic resistance tests performed while receiving treatment with TDF-containing regimens were stratified by detectability of K65R (K65R group, 42 patients; undetected K65R<
Comparison of G-to-A mutation frequencies induced by APOBEC3 proteins in H9 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the context of impaired processivities of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase variants.
Abstract: This effect was augmented when using the K65R+M184V virus variant (P < 0.001).
Abstract: Wild-type RT or the M184V, M184I, and K65R+M184V RT variants, which are increasingly impaired in their processivities, were used in the context of a vif-deficient molecular HIV-1 clone to infect H9 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
Targeting only reverse transcriptase with zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir plus tenofovir in HIV-1-infected patients with multidrug-resistant virus: a multicentre pilot study.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2008
BMC infectious diseases
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