Comparison of G-to-A mutation frequencies induced by APOBEC3 proteins in H9 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the context of impaired processivities of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase variants.
Abstract: This effect was augmented when using the K65R+M184V virus variant (P < 0.001).
Abstract: Wild-type RT or the M184V, M184I, and K65R+M184V RT variants, which are increasingly impaired in their processivities, were used in the context of a vif-deficient molecular HIV-1 clone to infect H9 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
Targeting only reverse transcriptase with zidovudine/lamivudine/abacavir plus tenofovir in HIV-1-infected patients with multidrug-resistant virus: a multicentre pilot study.
Abstract: K65R was associated with reduced susceptibility to tenofovir, didanosine, abacavir and lamivudine; L74V/I was associated with reduced susceptibility to abacavir and didanosine.
Abstract: K65R was detected in 3.3% of isolates and its frequency remained stable from 2003 to 2006, similar to trends observed for other NAMs.
Abstract: HIV-1 with K65R or L74V/I alone were fully susceptible to zidovudine and stavudine.
Abstract: Other NAMs commonly associated with K65R were A62V, S68G and Y115F; their NRTI susceptibilities were similar to those of viruses containing K65R alone.
Phylogenetic and genetic analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus gag, pol, and env genes from domestic cats undergoing nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor treatment or treatment-naive cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Abstract: These signatures were comparable to K65R and K70R thymidine-associated mutations found in the HIV-1 HXB2 counterpart.
Abstract: This finding strongly suggests a position correlation between the mutations found in FIV and the K65R and K70R substitutions from drug-resistant HIV-1 strains.
Chronic administration of tenofovir to rhesus macaques from infancy through adulthood and pregnancy: summary of pharmacokinetics and biological and virological effects.
PMID: 18573931
2008
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Despite the presence of viral variants with a lysine-to-arginine substitution at codon 65 (K65R) of RT in all 28 SIV-infected animals, 6 animals suppressed viremia to undetectable levels for as long as 12 years of TFV monotherapy.
The A62V and S68G mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase partially restore the replication defect associated with the K65R mutation.
PMID: 18614922
2008
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The K65R mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase can be selected by abacavir, didanosine, tenofovir, and stavudine in vivo resulting in reduced susceptibility to these drugs and decreased viral replication capacity.
Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: A62V and S68G serve as partial compensatory mutations for the K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase by improving the viral replication capacity, which is likely due to increased incorporation efficiency of the natural substrates.
Abstract: In clinical isolates, K65R is frequently accompanied by the A62V and S68G reverse transcriptase mutations.
Emergence of drug resistance in HIV type 1-infected patients after receipt of first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review of clinical trials.
Abstract: For the K65R mutation in the HIV reverse transcriptase (multinucleoside resistance), incidences were 5.3% (95% CI, 2.4%-9.9%) and 0.0% (95% CI, 0.0%-3.6%; P= .01), respectively, in patients treated with non-zidovudine-containing regimens.
"Mutations M184V and Y115F in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase discriminate against ""nucleotide-competing reverse transcriptase inhibitors""."
PMID: 18728003
2008
The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: K65R can partially counteract these effects.
Abstract: K65R, susceptibility to INDOPY-1.
Evaluation of efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and adherence in HIV-1-infected, antiretroviral-naive patients treated with ritonavir-boosted atazanavir plus fixed-dose tenofovir DF/emtricitabine given once daily.
Abstract: Although limited by the single-case nature, the data support a hypothesis that there is no HIV viral RNA or CD4+ T-cell count benefit of taking tenofovir for experienced patients with genotypic evidence of K65R/M184V.
Abstract: Here, we assessed the effect of tenofovir discontinuation for a patient receiving antiretroviral therapy whose HIV-1 had a dominant K65R/M184V genotype.
Abstract: In vitro, the reverse transcriptase mutation K65R can simultaneously reduce drug susceptibility, replicative capacity and restrict HIV-1 replication.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2008
Journal of virology
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