literature

HIV mutation literature information.

High prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in Lome, Togo.

PMID: 21663632 2011 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Abstract: Importantly, eight patients were already predicted to be resistant to etravirine, the new NNRTI, and three p

Result: Among the 46 ARV-resistant patients, 25 also harboured the M184V mutation conferring resistance to 3TC/FTC; among them, eight patients were also resistant to the other NRTI drug in their regimen because of the high number of TAMs (n = 4), or the presence of the Q151M (n = 1) or the K65R (n = 3) mutation.

Result: The presence of the K65R also means that tenofovir (TDF) will not be effective when used in the second-line regime, and the Q151M mutation commonly confers multi-drug resistance to NRTIs (AZT, ABC, ddI and d4T).

Unnecessary antiretroviral treatment switches and accumulation of HIV resistance mutations; two arguments for viral load monitoring in Africa.

PMID: 21694603 2011 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Abstract: NRTI cross-resistance was observed in 48.0% of 183 specimens available for genotypic analysis, comprising >=2 TAMs (37.7%), K65R (7.1%), K70E (3.3%), or Q151M (3.3%).

Abstract: Logistic regression assessed factors associated with multiple thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) and NRTI cross-resistance (>=2 TAMs or Q151M or K65R/K70E).

Genotypic resistance at viral rebound among patients who received lopinavir/ritonavir-based or efavirenz-based first antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.

PMID: 21694608 2011 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Result: One participant who received EFV+d4T+3TC had four RT mutations (A62V, K65R, M184V, and K219E) in addition to two NNRTI-associated mutations.

Drug resistance profiles among HIV-1-infected children experiencing delayed switch and 12-month efficacy after using second-line antiretroviral therapy: an observational cohort study in rural China.

PMID: 21725248 2011 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Abstract: M184V/I was the most common nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutation at 77.6%, the mutation rate for >=3 thymidine analogue mutations, Q151M, and K65R were 33%, 12%, and 9%, respectively.

Antiretroviral resistance patterns and factors associated with resistance in adult patients failing NNRTI-based regimens in the Western Cape, South Africa.

PMID: 21837793 2011 Journal of medical virology

Abstract: Also reported are associations of therapy choice, prolonged virologic failure, and concurrent HIV viral load and CD4 count with the presence of M184I/V, TAMs, K65R, and resistance to ETV.

Abstract: In order to describe resistance patterns by genotypic testing, at the time of first-line ART failure and to describe associations with having M184I/V, K65R, three or more thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) and etravirine (ETV) resistance, the prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance associated mutations in a cross-sectional study, at two South African public health clinic settings, at the time of virologic failure (HIV-1 RNA load >400 copies/ml) are described.

Abstract: Of 167 adult patients with virologic failure on first-line ART, 28 (17%) had no resistance, 137 (82%) had NNRTI resistance

Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.

PMID: 21900725 2011 Antiviral therapy

Abstract: 147 ARV-naive subjects were sequenced to 0.4% levels; 8.8% (13/147) had K65R low-level variants identified: 2.2% (2/92) in subtype B, 35.7% (10/28) in subtype C (P<0.001 for B versus C) and 3.7% (1/27) in non-B/C subtypes.

Abstract: K65R variants at >1% levels likely represent transmitted resistant variants.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been reported that treatment-naive individuals infected with HIV-1 subtype C may be more likely to harbour viral variants possessing a K65R reverse transcriptase gene mutation.

Drug resistance patterns and virus re-suppression among HIV-1 subtype C infected patients receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in South Africa.

PMID: 21927716 2011 Journal of AIDS & clinical research

Result: Overall, 8/38 (21%) had one or more TAMs, three had A62V or V75I and only one patient had K65R.

Resistance patterns selected by nevirapine vs. efavirenz in HIV-infected patients failing first-line antiretroviral treatment: a bayesian analysis.

PMID: 22132100 2011 PloS one

Result: More specifically, TDF, when compared with d4T, was found strongly associated with greater risk of mutations Y115F and K65R (PP[OR>1]>99%), and, with less clear evidence (PP[OR>1]>92) with greater risk of mutations Y181I, V179F, and A62V (Figure 2B).

Result: Of the nine K65R mutations observed, all were found in patients on NVP-based treatment, 6 among patients on TDF and 3 among those on d4T.

Result: When adjusted for the effects of failure duration, viral load and NRTI backbone, the analysis, presented in Figure 2A, showed that the use of a nevirapine-based regimen was associated with significantly increased risks of mutations G190A (the posterior probability of G190

Varied patterns of HIV-1 drug resistance on failing first-line antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.

PMID: 19801944 2010 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Abstract: The K65R mutation was detected in 4%.

Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.

PMID: 19995921 2010 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

Abstract: Thirty HIV-1 subtype C- and 26 subtype B-infected patients lacking K65R as determined by conventional sequencing methods were studied, and viral minority species were found in four HIV-1 subtype C samples.

Abstract: We have developed an allele-specific real-time PCR assay to explore the presence of K65R minority species among treated HIV-1 subtype B and C infections.

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