Drug Resistance Mutations Against Protease, Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors in People Living With HIV-1 Receiving Boosted Protease Inhibitors in South Africa.
Result: The K65R/N mutation occurred in five (5%) patients; K65R occurred in two (2%) patients receiving AZT plus 3TC, and in one (1%) patient receiving TDF plus FTC.
Table: K65R/N
Discussion: In our study, M184V, L74V, K65R, and Y115F were the most common major NRTI RAMs in patients receiving LPV/r as their bPIs.
Discussion: The K65R and Y115F RAMs occurred more frequently in patients receiving AZT plus 3TC, rather than in patients receiving ABC plus 3TC.
Near point-of-care, point-mutation test to detect drug resistance in HIV-1: a validation study in a Mexican cohort.
Abstract: DESIGN: OLA-Simple probes to detect K65R, K103N/S, Y181C, M184V, and
Discussion: Despite modifications, these K65R probes had the highest rate of IND results (8.5%) mainly due to closely spaced nucleotide variations at codons 67, 68, and 69, including the polymorphic mutation S68G (Supplementary Table 3, http://links.lww.com/QAD/B693).
Discussion: To reduce the IND rate for K65R, a mixture of common probes complementary to these polymorphisms/mutations may be necessary at this site.
Discussion: Universal probes for K65R in the OLA-Simple kit were slightly modified for the subtype B Mexican variants, and these had not been previously validated on clinical specimens.
Prevalence of acquired drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral- experiencing subjects from 2012 to 2017 in Hunan Province of central South China.
Result: The most common primary NRTI mutations detected included M184V (62.04%), K65R (20.24%), K70R (15.01%), T215D/S (9.41%), Y115F (7.22%) and M41L (6.35%).
Table: K65R
Discussion: K65R is the signature mutation associated with TDF resistance.
Discussion: The most frequently identified ADR present in NRTI was M184V/I (61.27%), followed by K65R (19.96%).
Discussion: This study showed that K65R codon mutation had a significant increase from 2014 (71.4, 6.74, 16.42, 22.73%, 20.48 and 30.91%, respectiv
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease mutations for drug-resistance detection among treatment-experienced and naive HIV-infected individuals.
Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus-1 drug-resistant mutations among adults on first- and second-line antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited health facility in Busia County, Kenya.
PMID: 33654530
2020
The Pan African medical journal
Introduction: A study on HIV-1 drug-resistance patterns in Nairobi identified M184V, K65R, T215Y and K70R mutations conferring resistance to NRTIs and K103N, G190A, V106A, Y184V, A98G, Y181C mutations conferring resistance to NNRTIs.
Discussion: Our findings reveal major mutations conferring resistance to NRTIs with M184V, Y115F, K65R, D67N, K70E being preval
High prevalence of integrase mutation L74I in West African HIV-1 subtypes prior to integrase inhibitor treatment.
PMID: 32105319
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Table: K65R
Natural polymorphisms in HIV-1 CRF01_AE strain and profile of acquired drug resistance mutations in a long-term combination treatment cohort in northeastern China.
Abstract: The mutation rate at 14 sites increased significantly at TF time point compared to baseline, with the most common DRMs comprising G190S/C, K65R, K101E/N/Q, M184 V/I, and V179D/I/A/T/E, ranging from 66.7 to 45.2%.
Result: L228R was correlated with known DRMs G190S (cKa/Ks
Result: In this study, 40 out of 2034 (1.97%) treatment-naive CRF01_AE-infected patients had transmitted DRMs, with the common DRMs comprising K103 N, G190S, K101E, T215S, K65R, and K219Q.
Pretreatment HIV drug resistance spread within transmission clusters in Mexico City.
PMID: 31819984
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: K65R was very rare and only observed as a low-frequency variant.
Discussion: Moreover, consistent with previous observations, DRMs with low transmission fitness due to high replicative impairment such as M184V/I and K65R were not shared within the Mexican network, and were observed mostly at low within-host frequencies in the study population.
Pre-treatment HIV-drug resistance associated with virologic outcome of first-line NNRTI-antiretroviral therapy: A cohort study in Kenya.
Result: Among the 59 participants with PDR, NNRTI mutations (K103N, Y181C, G190A) were detected in all but one (98 3%) and NRTI mutations (K65R, M184V) were detected in 14 (23 7%).
Table: K65R
Discussion: An economical and easy to use point of care OLA kit that assesses NNRTI mutations K103N, Y181C, G190A and NRTI mutations M184V and K65R could be used in resource-limited settings to test patients prior to starting EFV-based ART, at virologic failure
Trend of HIV-1 drug resistance in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over 17 years (2001-2017).
Result: The percentages of four mutations K65R (NRTI), M184I/V (NRTI), G190A/S (NNRTI) and M230L (NNRTI) were significantly correlated with subtypes (p < 0.05) (Table 2).
Discussion: Third, two NRTI (M184V/I and K65R), three NNRTI (K103N/S, Y181C/I and G190A/S) and one PI (M46I/L) mutations had higher prevalence than other SDRMs in China.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
Frontiers in microbiology
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