Multimethod Longitudinal HIV Drug Resistance Analysis in Antiretroviral-Therapy-Naive Patients.
PMID: 28659324
2017
Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: ART-naive HIV-1-infected patients from Cameroon were subjected to a multimethod HIVDR analysis using amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and longitudinal next-generation sequencing (NGS) to determine their profiles for the mutations K103N, Y181C, K65R, M184V, and T215F/Y.
Abstract: Using Sanger sequencing, the overall prevalence of HIVDR mutations was 7.6% (5/66) and included all studied mutations except K65R.
High level of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients with unsuppressed viral loads in rural northern South Africa.
Abstract: The most common DRMs were; M184V (51.7%), K103N (50%), V106M (20.6%), D67N (13.3%), K65R (12%).
Introduction: Specifically, V106M (NNRTI), K65R (NRTI) and N348I are more common among subtype C strains compared to other group M strains.
Discussion: Our study confirmed the dominance of K65R and V106M, two mutations which are most common among subtype C strains.
Discussion: Three viral RNA and two proviral DNA derived sequences from patients who had never been treated with ddI, ABC, or TDF harboured a K65R mutat
Comparison between next-generation and Sanger-based sequencing for the detection of transmitted drug-resistance mutations among recently infected HIV-1 patients in Israel, 2000-2014.
PMID: 28799325
2017
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: K65R is known to reduce the activity of both abacavir and lamivudine, while increasing susceptibility to zidovudine.
Result: Both had K65R TDRM, known to be associated with reduced replicative capacity, and were infected with subtype C virus, supporting the hypothesis that this mutation can develop more easily in subtype C than in other subtypes.
Result: Patient 26,203, harbouring K65R (1.5%), was treated with trizivir (abacavir, lamivudine and zidovudine) 5 years after initial diagnosis.
Result: Patient 63,729, with the K65R mutation (2.5%) was successfully treated with truvada (TDF, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) and dolutegravir (DTG), a combined therapy that was initiated 3.7 years after the initial diagnosis.
Result: The Table: K65R
Week 48 resistance analysis of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF versus Atazanavir + Ritonavir + Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF in HIV-1 infected women (WAVES study GS-US-236-0128).
Result: Consistent with these enrollment criteria, no participant had K65R or M184V/I
Discussion: A62V is a known polymorphism in Russia and has been previously described as a fitness compensatory mutation associated with K65R.
Discussion: Finally, though A62V is a known polymorphism that has previously been described as a fitness compensatory mutation associated with K65R, there was no evidence that the presence of A62V predisposed participants to developing K65R.
Discussion: Therefore, A62V might predispose participants to developing K65R; however, no participant in this study developed this TDF resistance mutation.
Community Based Antiretroviral Treatment in Rural Zimbabwe.
PMID: 28899102
2017
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Seven participants had sequence data available, and five had drug resistance mutations, K65R, T69N, K101E, K103N, Y181C/I, M184V, and G190A.
Rates of virological suppression and drug resistance in adult HIV-1-positive patients attending primary healthcare facilities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
PMID: 28981637
2017
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: DRMs were detected in 89% of 123 specimens with VF, including M184I/V, K103N/S, K65N/R, V106A/M and Y181C.
Prevalence of Pre-antiretroviral-Treatment Drug Resistance by Gender, Age, and Other Factors in HIV-Infected Individuals Initiating Therapy in Kenya, 2013-2014.
PMID: 29040633
2017
The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: PDR was defined as >=2% mutant frequency in a participant's HIV quasispecies at pol codons K103N, Y181C, G190A, M184 V, or K65R by oligonucleotide ligation assay and Illumina sequencing.
Upward trends of acquired drug resistances in Ethiopian HIV-1C isolates: A decade longitudinal study.
Result: At all-time points, relatively low frequency of K65R mutation was found (Fig 3).
Table: K65R
Discussion: Lastly, the study in one side identified an increasing common mutational pathways overtime with two thymidine non-analog (M184V and K65R) and three thymidine analog (D67N, K70R and K219E) major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-associated DRMs and four major NNRTI-associated DRMs (K103N, Y181C, G190A, and V106M) which is consistent with previous studies.
Gag P2/NC and pol genetic diversity, polymorphism, and drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 CRF02_AG- and non-CRF02_AG-infected patients in Yaounde, Cameroon.
Method: Other major NRTIs resistance mutations detected included the multidrug resistance mutation T69D, the thymidine analogue mutation (TAM) T215F, and the non-TAMs K65R and Y115F (Table 3).
Method: These transmitted DRMs included major resistance mutations to NRTIs such as M184V, T69D, T215F, K65R, and Y115F; and major resistance mutations to non-Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) such as Y181C,
Table: K65R
Virological response, HIV-1 drug resistance mutations and genetic diversity among patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in N'Djamena, Chad: findings from a cross-sectional study.
Abstract: Absence of K65R supports the use of tenofovir-containing regimens as preferred first-line and as suitable drug for second-line combinations, in this setting with significant HIV-1 genetic diversity.
Discussion: Of note, K65R, the main DRM to TDF was not detected, supporting TDF-containing NRTIs as preferred combinations to second-line LPV/r, as globally recommended.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2017
Journal of clinical microbiology
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