Abstract: K65R was associated with reduced susceptibility to tenofovir, didanosine, abacavir and lamivudine; L74V/I was associated with reduced susceptibility to abacavir and didanosine.
Abstract: K65R was detected in 3.3% of isolates and its frequency remained stable from 2003 to 2006, similar to trends observed for other NAMs.
Abstract: HIV-1 with K65R or L74V/I alone were fully susceptible to zidovudine and stavudine.
Abstract: Other NAMs commonly associated with K65R were A62V, S68G and Y115F; their NRTI susceptibilities were similar to those of viruses containing K65R alone.
Phylogenetic and genetic analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus gag, pol, and env genes from domestic cats undergoing nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor treatment or treatment-naive cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Abstract: These signatures were comparable to K65R and K70R thymidine-associated mutations found in the HIV-1 HXB2 counterpart.
Abstract: This finding strongly suggests a position correlation between the mutations found in FIV and the K65R and K70R substitutions from drug-resistant HIV-1 strains.
Chronic administration of tenofovir to rhesus macaques from infancy through adulthood and pregnancy: summary of pharmacokinetics and biological and virological effects.
PMID: 18573931
2008
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Despite the presence of viral variants with a lysine-to-arginine substitution at codon 65 (K65R) of RT in all 28 SIV-infected animals, 6 animals suppressed viremia to undetectable levels for as long as 12 years of TFV monotherapy.
The A62V and S68G mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase partially restore the replication defect associated with the K65R mutation.
PMID: 18614922
2008
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The K65R mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase can be selected by abacavir, didanosine, tenofovir, and stavudine in vivo resulting in reduced susceptibility to these drugs and decreased viral replication capacity.
Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: A62V and S68G serve as partial compensatory mutations for the K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase by improving the viral replication capacity, which is likely due to increased incorporation efficiency of the natural substrates.
Abstract: In clinical isolates, K65R is frequently accompanied by the A62V and S68G reverse transcriptase mutations.
Emergence of drug resistance in HIV type 1-infected patients after receipt of first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review of clinical trials.
Abstract: For the K65R mutation in the HIV reverse transcriptase (multinucleoside resistance), incidences were 5.3% (95% CI, 2.4%-9.9%) and 0.0% (95% CI, 0.0%-3.6%; P= .01), respectively, in patients treated with non-zidovudine-containing regimens.
"Mutations M184V and Y115F in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase discriminate against ""nucleotide-competing reverse transcriptase inhibitors""."
PMID: 18728003
2008
The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: K65R can partially counteract these effects.
Abstract: K65R, susceptibility to INDOPY-1.
Evaluation of efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and adherence in HIV-1-infected, antiretroviral-naive patients treated with ritonavir-boosted atazanavir plus fixed-dose tenofovir DF/emtricitabine given once daily.
Abstract: Although limited by the single-case nature, the data support a hypothesis that there is no HIV viral RNA or CD4+ T-cell count benefit of taking tenofovir for experienced patients with genotypic evidence of K65R/M184V.
Abstract: Here, we assessed the effect of tenofovir discontinuation for a patient receiving antiretroviral therapy whose HIV-1 had a dominant K65R/M184V genotype.
Abstract: In vitro, the reverse transcriptase mutation K65R can simultaneously reduce drug susceptibility, replicative capacity and restrict HIV-1 replication.
Development of an optimized dose for coformulation of zidovudine with drugs that select for the K65R mutation using a population pharmacokinetic and enzyme kinetic simulation model.
PMID: 18838591
2008
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
1Abstract: Therefore, ZDV could be coformulated with these agents as a ""resistance
Abstract: In vitro selection studies and data from large genotype databases from clinical studies have demonstrated that tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and abacavir sulfate select for the K65R mutation in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 polymerase region.
Abstract: Studies performed in vitro and in humans suggest that viruses containing the K65R mutation remained susceptible to zidovudine (ZDV) and other thymine nucleoside antiretroviral agents.
Abstract: administration with K65R-selecting antiretroviral agents in virtual subjects using the population pharmacokinetic and cellular enzyme kinetic parameters of ZDV.
Abstract: is an efficacious and safe dose that could delay the emergence of the K65R mutation.
Evaluating the role of etravirine in the second-line antiretroviral therapy after failing an initial non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimen in a resource-limited setting.
Abstract: Patients with K65R (3.4% vs 17.9%, p=0.005), Q151M (5.9% vs 20.5%, p=0.012), and multi-NRTI resistance mutations (16.8% vs 48.7%, p<0.001) when compared to patients with >2 etravirine-RAMs.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2008
Antiviral therapy
Browser Board
Co-occurred Entities
Filtrator
ViMRT