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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
 PMID: 19644383       2009       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: The K65R mutation is increasingly recognized and is a challenging finding among patients with non-B HIV subtypes, whether or not they have been exposed to TDF.
Abstract: Specific patterns of mutations and clinical characteristics are described in patients with the K65R mutation.
Abstract: The Q151M (P < 0.05), K219R, and T69del (P < 0.01) mutations were more common in patients with K65R who had not received TDF.


  Development of HIV-1 drug resistance through 144 weeks in antiretroviral-naive subjects on emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz compared with lamivudine/zidovudine and efavirenz in study GS-01-934.
 PMID: 19644384       2009       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Nine of 22 patients with baseline NNRTI-R experienced virologic failure (FTC + TDF + EFV, n = 4; 3TC + ZDV + EFV, n = 5); seven of nine developed M184V/I and/or additional NNRTI-R, but none developed K65R.
Abstract: No subject on FTC + TDF + EFV developed the K65R mutation.


  Predictors of virologic failure and genotypic resistance mutation patterns in thai children receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy.
 PMID: 19654564       2009       The Pediatric infectious disease journal
Abstract: The NRTI mutations were M184V/I (84%), K65R (11%), Q151M (5%), and >or=3 TAMs (3%).


  Effectiveness of antiretroviral regimens containing abacavir with tenofovir in treatment-experienced patients: predictors of virological response and drug resistance evolution in a multi-cohort study.
 PMID: 19669091       2009       Infection
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In treatment-naive patients, a combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) containing tenofovir (TDF) and abacavir (ABC) with lamivudine leads to unacceptably high virological failure rates with frequent selection of reverse transcriptase mutations M184V and K65R.
Abstract: No selection of K65R was detected.


  Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among acute and recent HIV infections in North Carolina from 1998 to 2007.
 PMID: 19704170       2009       Antiviral therapy
Result: K65R was detected only once.


  Minority variants associated with transmitted and acquired HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance: implications for the use of second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
 PMID: 19734799       2009       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: Five samples had one or more NRTI or NNRTI-resistance mutation including 30062 which had four NRTI-resistance mutations: M184V+L210W+T215Y+219Q and 8048 had one NRTI-resistance mutation K65R and one NNRTI-resistance mutation P225H.
Discussion: For example, PID 8048 had the NRTI-resistance mutation K65R and the accessory NNRTI-resistance mutation P225H and PID 30062 contained the NRTI-resistance mutations M184V


  Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
 PMID: 19764886       2009       The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: Recently, we described a novel nucleotide template-based mechanism that may be the basis for the facilitated acquisition of the K65R resistance mutation in subtype C versus subtype B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
Abstract: The K65R pathway was selected more frequently in a subtype B virus that contained subtype C nucleotide polymorphisms at both positions 64 and 65 than in a wild-type NL4-3 subtype B virus.


  Efavirenz: a decade of clinical experience in the treatment of HIV.
 PMID: 19767318       2009       The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Discussion: Efavirenz was also associated with more mutations associated with resistance to two drug classes and more K65R mutations than boosted lopinavir.


  Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
 PMID: 19812032       2009       The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: K65R is a primary reverse transcriptase (RT) mutation selected in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients taking antiretroviral regimens containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or other nucleoside analog RT drugs.
Abstract: Furthermore, the guanidinium planes of K65R and Arg(72) were stacked in two different rotameric conformations in TFV-DP- and dATP-bound structures that may help explain how K65R RT discriminates the drug from substrates.
Abstract: The guanidinium planes of the arginines K65R and Arg(72) were stacked to form a molecular platform that restricts the conformational adaptability of both of the residues, which explains the negative effects of the


  Intrapartum tenofovir and emtricitabine reduces low-concentration drug resistance selected by single-dose nevirapine for perinatal HIV prevention.
 PMID: 19886836       2009       AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Only two (1%) specimens had detectable K65R by OLA.



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