Patterns of emergent resistance-associated mutations after initiation of non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-containing antiretroviral regimens in Taiwan: a multicenter cohort study.
Abstract: The most common emergent RAMs to NRTIs were M184V/I (42.3%) and K65R (28.2%), and those to nNRTIs were Y181C (42.3%), K103N (15.5%), G190A/E/Q (12.7%), V179D/E (12.7%), and V108I (9.9%).
Result: As K65R, Y181C/I, and K103N were the most common RAMs in our patients receiving nNRTI-containing regimens with virological failure, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with these emergent RAMs.
Result: For the patients ex
Detection of minority drug resistant mutations in Malawian HIV-1 subtype C-positive patients initiating and on first-line antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 29977795
2018
African journal of laboratory medicine
Abstract: The difference was mainly due to the high prevalence of minority K65R and M184I mutations.
Discussion: K65R+ M184V/I would reduce susceptibility to tenofovir and didanosine from low-level (scores from 0 to 60) to high-level resistance (scores from 15 to 75).
Discussion: Among the minority DRMs, detected by 454 deep sequencing, K65R and M184I were the most common and may compromise the effectiveness of both first- and second-line drugs used according to the Malawi ART guidelines.
Discussion: However, we did not find higher error rates for K65R compared with other DRM sites in these patients.
Discussion: Second, although significantly increased minority DRMs were observed in the samples collected from pre-ART an
Characterization of minority HIV-1 drug resistant variants in the United Kingdom following the verification of a deep sequencing-based HIV-1 genotyping and tropism assay.
Abstract: George's, mainly M46I/L and I50 V (associated with PIs), D67 N, K65R, L74I, M184 V/I
Discussion: The kind, number, and frequency of the minority drug resistance mutations identified matched the cART history of the patients, the most common being M46I/L and I50 V (PIs), K65R, D67 N, L74I, M184 V/I, and K219Q (NRTIs), and L100I (NNRTIs).
Risk factors and outcomes for the Q151M and T69 insertion HIV-1 resistance mutations in historic UK data.
Method: Presence or absence of the K65R mutation was also included as a predictor, and analyses were also conducted including the respective accessory mutations for Q151M and T69i.
Result: Only 3% of patients showed no other mutation, and the most common associated major reverse transcriptase mutations were M184V (47%), K103N (35%) and K65R (29%).
Result: There was no strong evidence that linked TAMs were associated with the probability of viral suppression, although negative effects cannot be ruled out, and there were no cases with a K65R mutation included in this analysis.
Table: K65R
Acquisition of tenofovir-susceptible, emtricitabine-resistant HIV despite high adherence to daily pre-exposure prophylaxis: a case report.
Introduction: In four of the five prior published cases of HIV acquisition despite high PrEP adherence, the virus demonstrated an M184V mutation in reverse transcriptase (RT) conferring resistance to FTC, and three of these viruses also had resistance mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to TDF (K70R or K65R) (Table 1).
Result: SGS was consistent with the standard genotype in detecting RT mutations: specifically L74V, L100I, M184V, and K103N were detected, but K65R and K70E were not.
Long-term virological outcome in children receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy.
Result: K103N (48%), Y181C (37%), G190A/S (25%), Y188C/L (10%), V106M/A (8%), K65R (8%) and L100I (4%) were the major NNRTI DRMs observed in these 52 children.
Research on the treatment effects and drug resistances of long-term second-line antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients from Henan Province in China.
Result: Mutation K65R, associated with resistance to TDF, was found in four patients at baseline; however, after switching to second-line ART, K65R mutations were not detected.
Discussion: However, K65R was not detected in other patients after switching to second-line ART, which was consistent with Boyd et al.
Discussion: In our study, K65R was detected in four patients at baseline, which may be related to drugs used in the first-line ART; these four patients achieved viral suppression during second-line treatment.
Discussion: TDF was used in the second-line program; the mutations associated with resistance to TDF were K65R, TAM (M41 L, K70R, L210 W, T215F),
Virologic suppression in response to antiretroviral therapy despite extensive resistance within HIV-1 reverse transcriptase after the first virologic failure.
Discussion: Although EFdA showed slightly elevated IC50 value with 2.7-fold change, it still maintained its antiviral activity with an IC50 value of sub nano molar, indicating that 4'-ethynyl NRTIs including EFdA showed increased potency against HIV-1K65R.
Discussion: Four compounds that contain 4'-ethynyl moiety (Figure 1), showed increased potency against HIV-1K65R compared to that against HIV-1WT (Table 1).
Discussion: In the present study, we had assessed the anti-viral activity of a series of 4'-NRTIs against HIV-1K65R and found that these 4'-NRTIs also maintained their antiviral activity.
Discussion: It was reported that EFdA showed hypersensitivity against K65R mutation, which is known as a TDF-resistant associated mutati
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance in a subset of mothers and their infants receiving antiretroviral treatment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
PMID: 30079168
2018
Journal of public health in Africa
Result: Also, other DRM such as K70R (5.56%), K219Q (5.56%), T69D (5.56%), Y115F (5.56%) and K65R (5.56%) were detected with equal rates in mothers and were associated with resistance to (AZT, 3TC, TDF), 3TC, DDI, ABC and 3TC respectively.
Result: In contrast, Y115F (5.56%) and K65R (5.56%) were identified only in infants and conferred resistance to ABC and 3TC respectively.
Discussion: Mutation K65R, which was reported as a major mutation conferring high-level resistance to most of NRTI, this mutation was associated with intermediate resistance to 3TC in this study.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2018
Infection and drug resistance
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