Adefovir and tenofovir susceptibilities of HIV-1 after 24 to 48 weeks of adefovir dipivoxil therapy: genotypic and phenotypic analyses of study GS-96-408.
PMID: 11511821
2001
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: RT mutations previously selected by adefovir in vitro (K70E or K65R) did not develop in any patient.
Prophylactic and therapeutic benefits of short-term 9-[2-(R)-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (PMPA) administration to newborn macaques following oral inoculation with simian immunodeficiency virus with reduced susceptibility to PMPA.
Abstract: No reversion to wild-type susceptibility or loss of the K65R mutation was detected in virus isolates from any of the PMPA-treated or untreated SIVmac055-infected animals.
Abstract: SIVmac055 is a virulent isolate that has a fivefold-reduced in vitro susceptibility to PMPA, associated with a K65R mutation and additional amino acid changes (N69T, R82K, A158S, S211N) in reverse transcriptase (RT).
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) genotype and susceptibility to RT inhibitors during abacavir monotherapy and combination therapy.
Abstract: At the latest time point on abacavir monotherapy (range, weeks 6-48), 21 out of 43 subjects harboured virus with resistance conferring mutations including single, double and triple combinations of K65R, L74V, Y115F and M184V.
Abstract: At week 48, 16 out of 46 genotypes were obtained; one of these was wild-type; 15 contained M184V either alone, in combination with K65R and/or L74V and/or Y115F or with thymidine analogue-associated mutations.
Resistance profile of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor abacavir (1592U89) after monotherapy and combination therapy. CNA2001 Investigative Group.
PMID: 10720512
2000
The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: A total of 51% of subjects showed new mutations at any of codons K65R, L74V, and M184V after abacavir monotherapy, compared with 11% who received zidovudine/abacavir.
Abstract: Abacavir alone in vitro selected for mutations at HIV RT codons K65R, L74V, Y115F, and M184V.
Mutational analysis of Lys65 of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
Abstract: Furthermore, the K65A, K65Q and K65E mutant enzymes are 100-fold less sensitive to all dideoxynucleoside triphosphate ('ddNTP') inhibitors, whereas the K65R mutation results in a selective 10-fold decrease in binding of ddCTP and ddATP only.
Abstract: In order to biochemically define the function of RT Lys(65), we have used site-specific mutagenesis to generate RT with a variety of substitutions at this position, including K65E, K65Q, K65A and K65R.
Abstract: The pH optimum for the DNA polymerase activity of K65E RT was
Differential influence of nucleoside analog-resistance mutations K65R and L74V on the overall mutation rate and error specificity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.
PMID: 10833521
2000
The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: An in vitro dNTP exclusion assay revealed an increased fidelity for K65R RT compared with wild-type RT, but little change for L74V RT.
Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) variants with the K65R or L74V substitution display resistance to several nucleoside analogs.
Abstract: It is speculated that the increased fidelity of K65R RT is due to an altered interaction with the dNTP substrate.
Abstract: Modeling the substitutions into the x-ray structure of the ternary complex revealed that the major influence of Leu(74) in stabilizi
In vitro selection of mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase that decrease susceptibility to (-)-beta-D-dioxolane-guanosine and suppress resistance to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.
PMID: 10858331
2000
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Cloning and DNA sequencing of the RT region from the first resistant isolate identified a K65R mutation (AAA to AGA) in 10 of 10 clones.
Abstract: However, the combination of AZT with DXG or its orally bioavailable prodrug (-)-beta-D-2, 6-diaminopurine-dioxolane should be explored because of the suppressive effects of the K65R and L74V mutations on AZT resistance.
Abstract: However, when introduced into a genetic background for AZT resistance (D67N, K70R, T215Y, T219Q), the K65R mutation reversed the AZT resistance.
Abstract: The K65R mutation also conferred greater than threefold cross-resistance to 2',3'-dideoxycytidine
Ab initio molecular dynamics studies on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase triphosphate binding site: implications for nucleoside-analog drug resistance.
Abstract: Absence of this interaction in Lys65-->Arg HIV-1 RT might play a prominent role in the resistance of this mutant for nucleoside analogs (Gu Z et al., 1994b, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38:275-281; Zhang D et al., 1994, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38:282-287).
Selection of resistance-conferring mutations in HIV-1 by the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (+/-)dOTC and (+/-)dOTFC.
Abstract: In contrast, a mutation of lysine to arginine at position 65 (K65R) was found in variants selected with (+/-)dOTFC.
Abstract: Studies with mutated recombinant HXB2D-M184V and -K65R confirmed that these mutations are important for phenotypic resistance in MT-2 cells.
9-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (PMPA) therapy prolongs survival of infant macaques inoculated with simian immunodeficiency virus with reduced susceptibility to PMPA.
PMID: 10103184
1999
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that although SIVmac mutants with the PMPA-selected K65R mutation in RT were highly virulent, PMPA treatment still offered strong therapeutic benefits.
Abstract: To study directly the virulence and clinical implications of these SIV mutants, two uncloned SIVmac isolates with similar fivefold reduced in vitro susceptibilities to PMPA but distinct RT genotypes, SIVmac055 (K65R, N69T, R82K A158S,S211N) and SIVmac385 (K65R, N69S, I118V), were each inoculated intravenously into six newborn rhesus macaques; 3 weeks later, three animals of each group were started on
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2001
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
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