Trend of HIV transmitted drug resistance before and after implementation of HAART regimen restriction in the treatment of HIV-1 infected patients in southern Taiwan.
Method: The proportion of patients with M184 V/I, K103 N/S, and K65R mutations, as well as the presence of thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) were also reported.
Result: M184 V/I, K65R and TAMs were uncommon, as was multidrug resistance.
Table: K65R
[Postmortem Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Strains Isolated in Turkey].
Abstract: Detected mutations were as follows: M41L, T215C, K65R, M184V, responsible for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance; K103N, Y181C, G190A, responsible for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance; D30N, M46I, responsible for protease inhibitor (PI) resistance.
HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis Formation via ROS-Dependent Upregulation of Twist.
PMID: 31885806
2019
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
Method: Mutations M184V and K65R conferring resistance to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTI) and K103N and G190S conferring resistance to nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTI) were introduced into p6HRT_A by site-directed mutagenesis (Evrogen) generating plasmids p6HRT_An (65/184) and p6HRT_Ann (103/190), respectively.
Result: Based on this, we designed RT_A with M184V and K65R/N (RT_An) and RT_A with K103N and G190S (RT_Ann) which we predicted to have reduced polymerase and RNase H activities, respectively.
Result: Mutatio
Genetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance-associated mutation profile of treated and naive HIV-1 infected patients from the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon.
Introduction: For example, studies have shown, subtype C may acquire the tenofovir-related mutation K65R more rapidly when compared to subtype B, while mutations associated with resistance to rilpivirine are rare in infected patients with HIV-1 subtypes CRF01-A/E failing a first-line NNRTI-containing regimen.
Table: K65R
HIV-1 subtype diversity, drug resistance, and genetic transmission networks in men who have sex with men with virologic failure in antiretroviral therapy in Sichuan, China, 2011 to 2017.
Result: M184V/I (236/372, 63.44%), K65KR/R (78/372, 20.97%), D67DN/N (77/372, 20.70%), and K70E/R/KR (72/372, 19.35%) were most common NRTI-related mutations.
Surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance among newly diagnosed, treatment-naive individuals at a county HIV clinic in Santa Clara County.
Discussion: Further, a review of K65R suggested that the mutation is uncommon, and individuals infected with subtype C HIV may be at a greater risk of acquiring the mutation.
Discussion: Interestingly, we would expect the subsequent appearance of TDF/FTC-associated mutations, but we only observed one case of M184V in 2006 and zero cases of K65R, which are major NRTI mutations selected for by FTC/3TC and TDF, respectively.
Discussion: This may be due to the lower selectivity of FTC for M184V and the inhibitive action of M184V and K65R on viral fitness.
Discussion: Unfortunately, we were unable to fully characterize the HIV subtypes of our study sample, so it is unclear if the absence of K65R in our
A viral genome wide association study and genotypic resistance testing in patients failing first line antiretroviral therapy in the first large countrywide Ethiopian HIV cohort.
Abstract: A high rate of K65R was identified only in TDF treated patients (35.7%; 50.0%, respectively).
Result: K65R was found in 10 (35.7%) subjects.|mg
Discussion: As shown in our study, the introduction of TDF without virological monitoring may result in an extensive evolution of the K65R mutation, especially since it is preferentially selected by HIV-1C in ex vivo and in vitro analysis.
Discussion: Importantly, strains with the K65R may be transmitted further which may jeopardize future therapeutic and prophylactic use of TDF and of tenofovir alafenamide.
Discussion: The treatment outcome of the different NRTI-based regimens did not differ, neither the extent of viral resistance at failure, although the K65R mutation was only found in TDF-treated patients.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2019
Infection and drug resistance
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