HIV-1 drug resistance surveillance among parturient women on anti-retroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: Implications for elimination of mother-to-child transmission.
HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Patients with HIV and HIV-TB Coinfection After Failure of First-Line Therapy: A Prevalence Study in a Resource-Limited Setting.
PMID: 31117863
2019
Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
Table: K65R
An Evolutionary Model-Based Approach To Quantify the Genetic Barrier to Drug Resistance in Fast-Evolving Viruses and Its Application to HIV-1 Subtypes and Integrase Inhibitors.
PMID: 31109980
2019
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: A supplementary analysis for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors identified a lower genetic barrier for K65R in subtype C through differential codon usage not reported before.
Evolution of HIV-1 drug resistance after virological failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia.
Result: M184 V (2.8%, 9/317) was the most prevalent NRTI associated mutation, followed by K65R (2.2%, 7/317).
Incidence and types of HIV-1 drug resistance mutation among patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 30928089
2019
Journal of pharmacological sciences
Abstract: RESULTS: 103 cases were successfully amplified, and the main drug resistance mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) region were M184V (50.49%), K103N (28.16%), Y181C (25.24%), and K65R (27.18%), while no drug main resistance mutation was found in the protease (PR) region.
Predicted antiviral activity of tenofovir versus abacavir in combination with a cytosine analogue and the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir in HIV-1-infected South African patients initiating or failing first-line ART.
PMID: 30380053
2019
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: K65R was detected in 18/72 (25.0%) and 2/17 (11.8%) participants who were on a tenofovir- and stavudine-based regimen, respectively.
Result: Among NRTI DRMs, M184IV was the most prevalent (n = 36/104, 34.6%), followed by K65R (20/104, 19.2%) (Figure 1c).
Result: Notably, two additional K65R mutations were detected at the 5% as compared with the 20% variant threshold (Figure 1d).
Result: The K65R mutation was found in one participant (n = 1/11, 9.1%).
Result: When DRM5% were assessed, double the number of NRTI mutations were found (n = 22), mostly represented by K65R (n = 4/22, 18.2%) and the TAMs D67N and
Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in a Large US Clinic Population.
Abstract: The thymidine analogue mutations, M184V/I and the tenofovir-associated DRMs K65R and K70E/Q/G/N/T accounted for 82.9%, 7.3%, and 1.4% of NRTI-associated TDR, respectively.
Result: The non-TAMs K65R, L74V/I, Y115F, and Q151M each occurred in just 1 or 2 individuals.
Discussion: The rarity of K65R, other less common TDF-associated mutations, and the primary TAMs T215Y/F indicates that transmitted TDF resistance is unusual.
In vitro evaluation of novel reverse transcriptase inhibitors TAF (tenofovir alafenamide) and OBP-601 (2,3-didehydro-3-deoxy-4-ethynylthymidine) against multi-drug resistant primary isolates of HIV-2.
Abstract: With one exception, all resistant viruses had canonical nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)-associated resistance mutations (K65R, N69S, V111I, Y115F, Q151M and M184V).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2019
Journal of clinical virology
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