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 HIV mutation literature information.


  High prevalence of the K65R mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C isolates from infected patients in Botswana treated with didanosine-based regimens.
 PMID: 17015626       2006       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: The K65R mutation was selected either alone or together with the Q151M, S68G, or F116Y substitution in viruses from seven such individuals.
Abstract: The results of in vitro passage experiments were consistent with an apparent increased propensity of subtype C viruses to develop the K65R substitution.


  Indolopyridones inhibit human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase with a novel mechanism of action.
 PMID: 17020946       2006       Journal of virology
Abstract: While INDOPY-1 susceptibility is unaffected by mutations associated with NNRTI or multidrug NRTI resistance, mutations M184V and Y115F are associated with decreased susceptibility, and mutation K65R confers hypersusceptibility to INDOPY-1.


  Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine, and efavirenz versus fixed-dose zidovudine/lamivudine and efavirenz in antiretroviral-naive patients: virologic, immunologic, and morphologic changes--a 96-week analysis.
 PMID: 17057609       2006       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: No patient developed the K65R mutation.


  Virologic response of zidovudine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate combination in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients.
 PMID: 17057610       2006       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Six viral failures occurred, including 2 with K65R mutations (alone or associated with Y115F and M184V).


  Differential impact of thymidine analogue mutations on emtricitabine and lamivudine susceptibility.
 PMID: 17075395       2006       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: For samples with K65R, L74I/V, or Q151M mutations, the phenotypic impact was similar, as the mean fold-change was not significantly different between drugs.


  Rate of virologic failure and selection of drug resistance mutations using different triple nucleos(t)ide analogue combinations in HIV-infected patients.
 PMID: 17209764       2006       AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: M184V was the most frequent resistance mutation (75.4%), followed by T215Y (52.5%) and K65R (14.8%).
Abstract: Conversely, subjects who developed K65R did not accumulate TAMs.
Abstract: Of note, K65R did not develop in patients taking AZT nor in those with prior thymidine-associated mutations (TAMs).


  Mechanistic insights into the suppression of drug resistance by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase using alpha-boranophosphate nucleoside analogs.
 PMID: 15550379       2005       The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: Likewise, resistance to 3TCTP by M184V RT (30-fold) and K65R/M184V RT (180-fold) is suppressed using BH3-3TCTP because of a 160-fold acceleration of the catalytic constant kpol.
Abstract: We have shown previously that alpha-boranophosphate nucleoside analogs suppress RT-mediated resistance when the catalytic rate is responsible for drug resistance such as in the case of K65R and dideoxy (dd)NTPs, and Q151M toward AZTTP and ddNTPs.


  Performance of drug-resistance genotypic assays among HIV-1 infected patients with predominantly CRF02_AG strains of HIV-1 in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
 PMID: 15572008       2005       Journal of clinical virology
Abstract: All ten samples with the M184V mutation, three with the K65R, two with the G190A mutation, one with the K103N mutation, and one with the V75T mutation were detected similarly by all three assays.


  Early virological failure in treatment-naive HIV-infected adults receiving didanosine and tenofovir plus efavirenz or nevirapine.
 PMID: 15668550       2005       AIDS (London, England)
Abstract: At month 6, the mutations detected were K65R, L74V, L100I, K103N/R/T, Y181C and G190E/Q/S.


  In vitro activity of structurally diverse nucleoside analogs against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with the K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase.
 PMID: 15728915       2005       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with a lysine-to-arginine substitution at codon 65 (HIV-1(65R)) of reverse transcriptase (RT) can rapidly emerge in patients being treated with specific combinations of nucleoside analog RT inhibitors (NRTIs).



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