Genetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance-associated mutation profile of treated and naive HIV-1 infected patients from the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon.
Introduction: For example, studies have shown, subtype C may acquire the tenofovir-related mutation K65R more rapidly when compared to subtype B, while mutations associated with resistance to rilpivirine are rare in infected patients with HIV-1 subtypes CRF01-A/E failing a first-line NNRTI-containing regimen.
Table: K65R
HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis Formation via ROS-Dependent Upregulation of Twist.
PMID: 31885806
2019
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
Method: Mutations M184V and K65R conferring resistance to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTI) and K103N and G190S conferring resistance to nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTI) were introduced into p6HRT_A by site-directed mutagenesis (Evrogen) generating plasmids p6HRT_An (65/184) and p6HRT_Ann (103/190), respectively.
Result: Based on this, we designed RT_A with M184V and K65R/N (RT_An) and RT_A with K103N and G190S (RT_Ann) which we predicted to have reduced polymerase and RNase H activities, respectively.
Result: Mutatio
[Postmortem Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Strains Isolated in Turkey].
Method: The proportion of patients with M184 V/I, K103 N/S, and K65R mutations, as well as the presence of thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) were also reported.
Result: M184 V/I, K65R and TAMs were uncommon, as was multidrug resistance.
Table: K65R
HIV Drug Resistance after Failure of 6 Month First-line Therapy in a Hospital: A Case Series.
Abstract: The common NRTI mutations were M184VI and K65R, while NNRTI mutations were Y181CFGVY, K103N, A98AG, E138GQ and G190AGS.
Detection of minority drug resistant mutations in Malawian HIV-1 subtype C-positive patients initiating and on first-line antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 29977795
2018
African journal of laboratory medicine
Abstract: The difference was mainly due to the high prevalence of minority K65R and M184I mutations.
Discussion: K65R+ M184V/I would reduce susceptibility to tenofovir and didanosine from low-level (scores from 0 to 60) to high-level resistance (scores from 15 to 75).
Discussion: Among the minority DRMs, detected by 454 deep sequencing, K65R and M184I were the most common and may compromise the effectiveness of both first- and second-line drugs used according to the Malawi ART guidelines.
Discussion: However, we did not find higher error rates for K65R compared with other DRM sites in these patients.
Discussion: Second, although significantly increased minority DRMs were observed in the samples collected from pre-ART an
Increasing proportions of HIV-1 non-B subtypes and of NNRTI resistance between 2013 and 2016 in Germany: Results from the national molecular surveillance of new HIV-diagnoses.
Result: Less frequently observed were the mutations D67N (n = 8), K65R (n = 2) and K70R (n = 2).
Result: The M184V, K70R and K65R mutations induce high level resistance to NRTIs in recommended first-line regimen according to EACS (9.0).
Discussion: So far, resistance mutations selected by tenofovir and emtricitabine (K65R, K70R and M184V) have been rare (below 1%).
Patterns of emergent resistance-associated mutations after initiation of non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-containing antiretroviral regimens in Taiwan: a multicenter cohort study.
Abstract: The most common emergent RAMs to NRTIs were M184V/I (42.3%) and K65R (28.2%), and those to nNRTIs were Y181C (42.3%), K103N (15.5%), G190A/E/Q (12.7%), V179D/E (12.7%), and V108I (9.9%).
Result: As K65R, Y181C/I, and K103N were the most common RAMs in our patients receiving nNRTI-containing regimens with virological failure, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with these emergent RAMs.
Result: For the patients ex
Rare emergence of drug resistance in HIV-1 treatment-naive patients receiving elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide for 144 weeks.
Abstract: Resistant virus emerged in 24 patients who developed resistance to antiretrovirals in the regimens (E/C/F/TAF: M184V/I [1.3%], INSTI-RAMs [0.9%], K65R/N [0.2%]; E/C/F/TDF: M184V/I [1.0%], INSTI-RAMs [0.9%], K65R/N [0.5%]).
Frequent cross-resistance to rilpivirine among subtype C HIV-1 from first-line antiretroviral therapy failures in South Africa.
Method: In total, 94 of 100 samples from patients failing ARV treatment also carried HIV-1 NRTI resistane mutations including M184V (82%), K65R (35%), L74I (19%), M41L (17%) or D67N (17%).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2019
PloS one
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