Method: Presence or absence of the K65R mutation was also included as a predictor, and analyses were also conducted including the respective accessory mutations for Q151M and T69i.
Result: Only 3% of patients showed no other mutation, and the most common associated major reverse transcriptase mutations were M184V (47%), K103N (35%) and K65R (29%).
Result: There was no strong evidence that linked TAMs were associated with the probability of viral suppression, although negative effects cannot be ruled out, and there were no cases with a K65R mutation included in this analysis.
Table: K65R
A Trial of a Single-tablet Regimen of Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for the Initial Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Infection in a Resource-limited Setting: 48-Week Results From Senegal, West Africa.
Abstract: The 1 subject with virologic failure had multidrug-resistant HIV-2 (reverse transcriptase mutation: K65R; integrase mutations: G140S and Q148R) detected at week 48.
Seroconversion on preexposure prophylaxis: a case report with segmental hair analysis for timed adherence determination.
Abstract: On day 2, HIV-1 RNA was 27 316 copies/ml, genotyping revealed M184V, K70T, K65R, and K103N mutations, plasma TFV and FTC concentrations were consistent with recent dosing.
Introduction: In that case, if the patient was not fully adherent to PrEP when exposed to HIV in the past, the patient could have developed the NRTI-resistant mutations (M184V, K70T, and K65R) through the selective pressure of FTC/TDF prophylaxis after acquiring a virus carrying the K103N mutation.
Introduction: On day 2, his HIV-1 RNA was 27 316 copies/ml, and genotyping (by population sequencing) subsequently revealed significant mutations in the reverse transcr
Patterns of emergent resistance-associated mutations after initiation of non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-containing antiretroviral regimens in Taiwan: a multicenter cohort study.
Abstract: The most common emergent RAMs to NRTIs were M184V/I (42.3%) and K65R (28.2%), and those to nNRTIs were Y181C (42.3%), K103N (15.5%), G190A/E/Q (12.7%), V179D/E (12.7%), and V108I (9.9%).
Result: As K65R, Y181C/I, and K103N were the most common RAMs in our patients receiving nNRTI-containing regimens with virological failure, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with these emergent RAMs.
Result: For the patients ex
Research on the treatment effects and drug resistances of long-term second-line antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients from Henan Province in China.
Result: Mutation K65R, associated with resistance to TDF, was found in four patients at baseline; however, after switching to second-line ART, K65R mutations were not detected.
Discussion: However, K65R was not detected in other patients after switching to second-line ART, which was consistent with Boyd et al.
Discussion: In our study, K65R was detected in four patients at baseline, which may be related to drugs used in the first-line ART; these four patients achieved viral suppression during second-line treatment.
Discussion: TDF was used in the second-line program; the mutations associated with resistance to TDF were K65R, TAM (M41 L, K70R, L210 W, T215F),
Detection of minority drug resistant mutations in Malawian HIV-1 subtype C-positive patients initiating and on first-line antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 29977795
2018
African journal of laboratory medicine
Abstract: The difference was mainly due to the high prevalence of minority K65R and M184I mutations.
Discussion: K65R+ M184V/I would reduce susceptibility to tenofovir and didanosine from low-level (scores from 0 to 60) to high-level resistance (scores from 15 to 75).
Discussion: Among the minority DRMs, detected by 454 deep sequencing, K65R and M184I were the most common and may compromise the effectiveness of both first- and second-line drugs used according to the Malawi ART guidelines.
Discussion: However, we did not find higher error rates for K65R compared with other DRM sites in these patients.
Discussion: Second, although significantly increased minority DRMs were observed in the samples collected from pre-ART an
Characterization of minority HIV-1 drug resistant variants in the United Kingdom following the verification of a deep sequencing-based HIV-1 genotyping and tropism assay.
Abstract: George's, mainly M46I/L and I50 V (associated with PIs), D67 N, K65R, L74I, M184 V/I
Discussion: The kind, number, and frequency of the minority drug resistance mutations identified matched the cART history of the patients, the most common being M46I/L and I50 V (PIs), K65R, D67 N, L74I, M184 V/I, and K219Q (NRTIs), and L100I (NNRTIs).
Increasing proportions of HIV-1 non-B subtypes and of NNRTI resistance between 2013 and 2016 in Germany: Results from the national molecular surveillance of new HIV-diagnoses.
Result: K103N (48%), Y181C (37%), G190A/S (25%), Y188C/L (10%), V106M/A (8%), K65R (8%) and L100I (4%) were the major NNRTI DRMs observed in these 52 children.
Acquisition of tenofovir-susceptible, emtricitabine-resistant HIV despite high adherence to daily pre-exposure prophylaxis: a case report.
Introduction: In four of the five prior published cases of HIV acquisition despite high PrEP adherence, the virus demonstrated an M184V mutation in reverse transcriptase (RT) conferring resistance to FTC, and three of these viruses also had resistance mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to TDF (K70R or K65R) (Table 1).
Result: SGS was consistent with the standard genotype in detecting RT mutations: specifically L74V, L100I, M184V, and K103N were detected, but K65R and K70E were not.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2018
AIDS research and therapy
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