Result: The most common primary NRTI mutations detected included M184V (62.04%), K65R (20.24%), K70R (15.01%), T215D/S (9.41%), Y115F (7.22%) and M41L (6.35%).
Table: K65R
Discussion: K65R is the signature mutation associated with TDF resistance.
Discussion: The most frequently identified ADR present in NRTI was M184V/I (61.27%), followed by K65R (19.96%).
Discussion: This study showed that K65R codon mutation had a significant increase from 2014 (71.4, 6.74, 16.42, 22.73%, 20.48 and 30.91%, respectiv
Near point-of-care, point-mutation test to detect drug resistance in HIV-1: a validation study in a Mexican cohort.
Abstract: DESIGN: OLA-Simple probes to detect K65R, K103N/S, Y181C, M184V, and
Discussion: Despite modifications, these K65R probes had the highest rate of IND results (8.5%) mainly due to closely spaced nucleotide variations at codons 67, 68, and 69, including the polymorphic mutation S68G (Supplementary Table 3, http://links.lww.com/QAD/B693).
Discussion: To reduce the IND rate for K65R, a mixture of common probes complementary to these polymorphisms/mutations may be necessary at this site.
Discussion: Universal probes for K65R in the OLA-Simple kit were slightly modified for the subtype B Mexican variants, and these had not been previously validated on clinical specimens.
Drug Resistance Mutations Against Protease, Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors in People Living With HIV-1 Receiving Boosted Protease Inhibitors in South Africa.
Result: The K65R/N mutation occurred in five (5%) patients; K65R occurred in two (2%) patients receiving AZT plus 3TC, and in one (1%) patient receiving TDF plus FTC.
Table: K65R/N
Discussion: In our study, M184V, L74V, K65R, and Y115F were the most common major NRTI RAMs in patients receiving LPV/r as their bPIs.
Discussion: The K65R and Y115F RAMs occurred more frequently in patients receiving AZT plus 3TC, rather than in patients receiving ABC plus 3TC.
HIV-1 Drug Resistance, Distribution of Subtypes, and Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in Virologic Failure Individuals in Chengdu, Southwest China, 2014-2016.
Result: The most commonly observed mutations with NRTIs were M184I/V (59.59%, 146/245), K65R (28.16%, 69/245), D67N/G (19.18%, 47/24
Discussion: NRTI-associated DRMs M184I/V and K65R and NNRTI-associated DRMs with extensively drug resistance K101E/H/P, V179I/D/E/T, Y181C/V, and G190A/E/K/Q/S/V were detected in CRF55_01B.
Discussion: K65R is one of the mutations with broad-spectrum resistance and was found in more than one-quarter of the cases.
Characteristics of drug resistance in HIV-1 CRF55_01B from ART-experienced patients in Guangdong, China.
PMID: 32300784
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Among DRMs, M184V (43.83%) was the most frequent NRTI DRM, followed by K65R (23.46%), and V179E (98.77%) was the most frequent NNRTI DRM, followed by K103N (47.53%) and Y181C (14.81%).
Impact of archived M184V/I mutation on the effectiveness of switch to co-formulated elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide among virally suppressed people living with HIV.
PMID: 32737511
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: RESULTS: Overall, 100 case patients with the M184V/I mutation were identified, including 6 (6.0%) with K65R and 13 (13.0%) with at least one TAM, and were matched to 400 controls in terms of gender, age (mean = 40.3 versus 39.7 years) and cumulative exposure duration to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (median = 146 versus 143 weeks).
Abstract: The presence of the K65R mutation or TAMs was not associated with virological non-response.
Review of Doravirine Resistance Patterns Identified in Participants During Clinical Development.
PMID: 32925358
2020
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Table: K65R
Prevalence and characteristics of HIV drug resistance among antiretroviral treatment (ART) experienced adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Ndola, Zambia.
Abstract: The mutation M184V which confers resistance to NRTI drugs of lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC) was the most common (81%) among NRTI associated mutations followed by K65R (34.5%) which is associated with both tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) resistance.
Result: Of these (n = 45), 19 had the K65R mutation that confers resistance to tenofovir and abacavir but potentiates the effectiveness of zidovudine as a second line option.
Result: Overall, the 10 most common mutations were M184V (81%), K103N (65.5%), Y188C (36.2%), Y181C (36.2%), V106A (36.2),
Patterns of acquired HIV-1 drug resistance mutations and predictors of virological failure in Moshi, Northern Tanzania.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
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