Transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in a large international cohort using next-generation sequencing: results from the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) study.
Result: Finally, the frequency of tenofovir resistance was estimated to be 1.3% at the 20% threshold, 1.6% at the 5% threshold, and 2.4% at the 2% threshold, despite the complete absence of the K65R mutation.
Result: Notably, the K65R mutation was not observed in any sample, even at the 2% threshold.
Increased acquired protease inhibitor drug resistance mutations in minor HIV-1 quasispecies from infected patients suspected of failing on national second-line therapy in South Africa.
Conclusion: Using HTS-GRT, PI RAMs (V82A) and RTI RAMs (K65R, M184V or K103N) were identified in < 20% of the population that Sanger-based sequencing failed to identify, strengthening their role in detecting the acquired mutations early.
Result: Most of the DRMs in the minor viral quasispecies were observed in V82A mutation (n = 13) in protease and K65R (n = 5), K103N (n = 7) and M184V (n = 5) in reverse transcriptase.
HIV Drug Resistance Mutations Detection by Next-Generation Sequencing during Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption in China.
Result: K65R was the most common low-frequency DRM with frequencies between 1% and 9%, concentrated at frequencies from 2% to 5%.
Result: It is interesting that this low-frequency K65R mutation is significantly unevenly distributed among subtypes; 5.7% (2/35) in CRF01_AE, when compared with 95.1% (58/61) in CRF07_BC and 93.1% (54/58) in CRF08_BC (p < 0.001).
Result: Moreover, K65R was still the most common low-frequency mutation at the follow-up.
Result: Within a year, some minority DRMs at frequencies 1%-10% remained unchanged, including: PI-related D30N, M46LI, I54VT and N88D, NRTI-related K65R and
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine maintenance strategy in virologically controlled adults with low HIV-1 DNA: 48 week results from a randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial.
PMID: 33724373
2021
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Six VFs occurred in the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine arm (two with emerging mutations M184V and K65R) versus two in the control arm (ITT difference 3.5%, 95% CI -1.9 to 9.4).
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
PMID: 33734374
2021
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: METHODS: We included vertically HIV-infected youths/young adults aged >=10 years in the Madrid Cohort of HIV-1 Infected Children and Adolescents, exposed to lamivudine and/or emtricitabine, with M184V/I and/or K65R/E/N in historic plasma samples, on antiretroviral therapy (ART), virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL), and with available PBMCs in the Spanish HIV BioBank.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We analysed the prevalence of M184V/I and/or K65R/E/N mutations archived in proviral DNA (pDNA) in youths with perinatal HIV, virological control and who previously carried these resistance mutations in historic plasma samples.
Result: All carried M184V mutation in their histor
Nucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance Mutations Predict Virological Failure in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patients During Lamivudine Plus Dolutegravir Maintenance Therapy in Clinical Practice.
PMID: 34327247
2021
Open forum infectious diseases
Method: The role of any non-TAM was not specifically studied because of the low number of patients harboring the K65R/E/N mutation (the only other non-TAM associated with decreased susceptibility to 3TC) and its collinearity with M184V/I.
Table: K65R/E
Transmitted drug resistance to Tenofovir/Emtricitabine among persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection in Shenyang city, Northeast China from 2016 to 2018.
Abstract: Most cases were sporadic in the phylogenetic tree, except two CRF01_AE sequences with K65R (Bootstrap value: 99%).
Abstract: The TDF/FTC DRMs included K65R (8/13), M184I/V (5/13), and Y115F (2/13).
Introduction: The Stanford drug resistance database showed the incidence of K65R (1.6-3.0%) and M184I/V (30-63%) among eight common HIV-1 subtypes in NRTI-treated patients.
Introduction: The main drug resistance mutations (DRMs) to TDF/FTC include K65R and M184I/V, but the global incidence was rather low in HIV ART-naive patients.
Result: Eight TDF/FTC resistant strains were sporadic in the ML tree without obvious aggregation, but
HIV-1 molecular transmission network among sexually transmitted populations in Liaoning Province, China.
Result: Among them, 9 cases were protease inhibitor-related resistance, and the main resistance sites were L33F, V82A, Q58E, M46L, M46I; There were 4 cases of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance, the main mutation sites were V75VI, K219Q, T215A, K65R; There were 5 cases of non-nucle
Table: K65R
Discussion: Mutations K65R, Y181C+G190S, which produced high drug resistance, did not enter the transmission network.
Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in Black Americans With HIV-1: A Randomized Phase 3b, Multicenter, Open-Label Study.
PMID: 34397746
2021
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Method: Participants had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >=50 mL per minute (calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation) and no documented history of resistance to INSTIs or tenofovir (TFV) resistance defined as K65R/E/N mutations, >=3 thymidine analog mutations, or T69 insertions (See Appendix, Supplemental Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/QAI/B674).
HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Genetic Transmission Networks Among MSM Failing Antiretroviral Therapy in South China 2014-2019.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
HIV medicine
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