Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus-1 drug-resistant mutations among adults on first- and second-line antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited health facility in Busia County, Kenya.
PMID: 33654530
2020
The Pan African medical journal
Result: Predominant NNRTIs mutations were K103N, Y181C, G190A, H221Y, and K101E; NRTIs were M184V, Y115F, K65R, K70R, D67N and PIs were I54V, F53L and V82A (Table 2).
Table: K65R
Discussion: Our findings reveal major mutations conferring resistance to NRTIs with M184V, Y115F,
Prevalence of HIV-1 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Resistance in Treatment-Naive Voluntary Counselling and Testing Clients by Population Sequencing and Illumina Next-Generation Sequencing in Taiwan.
Result: The most common RAMs to NRTIs were M184V and K65R (1.3%), while those for NNRTIs were V179D (4.5%), V106I (2.7%), and K103N (1.3%), and those for PIs were L10I (13.4%), A71T (5.8%), and L10V (4.0%).
Figure: The figure shows that the most common drug resistance-associated mutations were M184V (1.3%) and K65R (1.3%) for NRTIs, V179D (4.5%), V106I (2.7%) and K103N (1.3%) for PMID: 33144375
2020
mBio
Result: Baseline genotype (pre-PI) indicated that the individual had developed extensive resistance to first-line ART, with the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations K65R and M184I conferring high-level tenofovir and lamivudine resistance, respectively, as well as K103N and Y181C conferring resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI).
Result: Of note, we observed loss of mutations affecting susceptibility to lamivudine (M184I), tenofovir (K65R), and efavirenz (K103N
Table: K65R
Virologic suppression in patients with a documented M184V/I mutation based on the number of active agents in the antiretroviral regimen.
Review of Doravirine Resistance Patterns Identified in Participants During Clinical Development.
PMID: 32925358
2020
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Table: K65R
Predictors of first-line antiretroviral therapy failure among adults and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in a large prevention and treatment program in Nigeria.
Abstract: Of 198 patient-derived samples sequenced during virologic failure, 42 (21%) were wild-type; 145 (73%) carried NNRTI drug resistance mutations; 151 (76.3%) M184I/V; 29 (14.6%) had >= 3 TAMs, and 37 (18.7%) had K65R, of whom all were on TDF-containing first-line regimens.
Discussion: Interestingly, a significantly higher rate of K65R mutation was observed among patients infected predominantly with CRF02_AG (16.7% of K65R) and G (12.0%) HIV-1 strains on first-line ART in this West African setting.
Incidence and types of HIV-1 drug resistance mutation among patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 30928089
2019
Journal of pharmacological sciences
Abstract: RESULTS: 103 cases were successfully amplified, and the main drug resistance mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) region were M184V (50.49%), K103N (28.16%), Y181C (25.24%), and K65R (27.18%), while no drug main resistance mutation was found in the protease (PR) region.
Evolution of HIV-1 drug resistance after virological failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia.
Discussion: Most NRTI resistance mutations interfere with the incorporation of the NRTITP, either directly (e.g., M184V/I, which causes steric hindrance involving the oxathiolane ring of 3TCTP or FTCTP) or indirectly (e.g., K65R altering the ability of the RT to bind tenofovir relative to dATP).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
The Pan African medical journal
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