Abstract: We found that HAART-experienced patients infected with subtype A had a lower prevalence of K65R and Y181C than those with subtypes B or C, despite similar exposure to antiretroviral agents that select for these mutations.
Borano-nucleotides: new analogues to circumvent HIV-1 RT-mediated nucleoside drug-resistance.
Abstract: Alpha-boranophosphates suppress RT-mediated resistance when the catalytic rate of incorporation (kpol) of the analogue 5'-triphosphate is responsable for drug resistance, such as in the case of K65R mutant and ddNTPs, and Q151M toward AZTTP and ddNTPs.
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
Abstract: Using bulk population sequencing and a sensitive limiting dilution analysis, the selection of K65R or other resistance mutations did not occur in HIV, suggesting that adefovir can be confidently used as hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapy in HIV/HBV-co-infected patients who do not require antiretroviral therapy.
HIV-1 genotypes related to failure of nelfinavir as the first protease inhibitor treatment.
PMID: 16270125
2005
The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: Nucleosides associated with mutations (NAM) were observed in 80% of the tests; no INS69, complex 151, K65R and L74V mutations, which give multi-resistance to nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors to tenofovir and DDI, respectively, were observed.
Short communication. Antiretroviral drug resistance among drug-naive HIV-1-infected individuals in Djibouti (Horn of Africa).
Abstract: A few strains displayed primary mutations (the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI]-associated mutations K101E, K103T, L100I and G190V; the PI-associated mutation N88D; and the NRTI-associated mutation K65R).
Early virologic failure and rescue therapy of tenofovir, abacavir, and lamivudine for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: TONUS study.
Abstract: 14 pts with K65R and M184V/I were given a rescue therapy with a successful outcome (< 50 copies/mL; median follow-up 48 weeks).
Abstract: 76% of pts developed K65R and M184V/I mutations by W24, and 19% developed M184V/I alone.
Abstract: CONCLUSION: Convergent genetic pathway to resistance, in conjunction with lower antiretroviral potency, may explain the high rate of selection K65R and M184V mutations.
Substitutions in the Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Genes of HIV-1 Subtype B in Untreated Individuals and Patients Treated With Antiretroviral Drugs.
PMID: 19825125
2005
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Table: K65R
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
PMID: 14551187
2004
The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: Additionally, we report how the decreased viral replication capacity of resistant viruses is directly linked to their decreased ability to use natural nucleotide substrates and that combination of the K65R and M184V resistance mutations leads to greater decreases in viral replication capacity.
Abstract: We report the molecular mechanisms by which a virus resistant to lamivudine with the M184V reverse transcriptase mutation shows increased susceptibility to tenofovir and can suppress the effects of the tenofovir resistance mutation K65R.
Genotypic and phenotypic predictors of the magnitude of response to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment in antiretroviral-experienced patients.
PMID: 14976601
2004
The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: Response to tenofovir DF was reduced among patients with HIV-1 with >or=3 TAMs inclusive of either the M41L or L210W mutation (n=86) or patients who had a preexisting K65R mutation (n=6).
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
PMID: 15044478
2004
The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: Consistent with this result, purified HIV-1 RT carrying K65R RT or K65R/L74V substitutions exhibits an 8-fold resistance to ddATP as judged by pre-steady state kinetics of incorporation of a single nucleotide into DNA.
Abstract: Here we show that recombinant viruses carrying K65R and K65R/L74V display the same resistance level to ddI (about 9.5-fold) relative to wild type.
Abstract: However, the K65R/L74V virus replication capacity is severely impaired relative to that of wild-type virus.
Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2005
AIDS (London, England)
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