Prevalence and determinants of virological failure, genetic diversity and drug resistance among people living with HIV in a minority area in China: a population-based study.
Abstract: Overall, tenofovir resistance was mainly due to K65R or K70E/G/N/A/S/T/Y115F mutations (79%) but also due to thymidine analogue mutations (21%) which arise from exposure to thymidine analogues but causing cross-resistance to TDF.
HIV-1 re-suppression on a first-line regimen despite the presence of phenotypic drug resistance.
Introduction: Patients failing an NNRTI-based first-line regimen with genotypic drug resistance mutations typically present with M184V/I, K65R, and/or thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) and K103N, V106M/A and/or Y181C as the most prevalent NRTI and NNRTI mutations, respectively.
Table: K65R
Discussion: Secondly, only a limited number of TDF-treated patients were included in this study and in light of the high prevalence of the K65R mutation in sub-Saharan African countries, it is unclear whether our conclusions are applicable to patients re-suppressing or failing TDF-based regimens in this setting.
Importance of early identification of PrEP breakthrough infections in a generalized HIV epidemic: a case report from a PrEP demonstration project in South Africa.
Abstract: Sequencing confirmed a dominant wild type at month one with dual therapy resistance patterns emerging by month three (M184V and K65R mutations), which is suggestive of protracted PrEP use during an undetected HIV infection.
Conclusion: K65R mutation is the signature TFV resistance mutation and confers intermed
Conclusion: HIV drug resistance testing on the participant's month nine sample revealed the presence of both the M184V and the K65R mutations.
Conclusion: However, by 2 months the M184V mutation gained selective advantage and became dominant, and by 3 months, dual resistance was observed with the detection of the K65R mutations with nearly 100% resistant viral population.
Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (B/F/TAF) From Dolutegravir (DTG)+F/TAF or DTG+F/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) in the Presence of Pre-existing NRTI Resistance.
PMID: 32701823
2020
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: RESULTS: In total, 83% (470/565) of participants had baseline genotypic data available with NRTI-R detected in 24% (138/565), including 5% (30/565) with K65R/E/N or >=3 thymidine analog mutations and 19% (108/565) with other NRTI-R mutations.
Transmitted drug resistance mutations and subtype diversity amongst HIV-1 sero-positive voluntary blood donors in Accra, Ghana.
Abstract: CONCLUSION: This study found major drug resistance mutations, E138A and K65R in the RT gene that confer high level resistance to most NNRTIs and NRTI respectively.
Abstract: Nucleotide sequencing of amplified samples revealed the presence of major drug resistance mutations in two (2) samples; E138A in one sample and another with K65R.
Discussion: The K65R mutation is found to reduce viral susceptibility to most NRTIs by approximately 2-fold and rather increase susceptibility to AZT and hence reduced viral replication with zidovudine-containing therapy.
Discussion: Two (2) major DRMs were found in two (2) samples sequenced in the
Impact of archived M184V/I mutation on the effectiveness of switch to co-formulated elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide among virally suppressed people living with HIV.
PMID: 32737511
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: RESULTS: Overall, 100 case patients with the M184V/I mutation were identified, including 6 (6.0%) with K65R and 13 (13.0%) with at least one TAM, and were matched to 400 controls in terms of gender, age (mean = 40.3 versus 39.7 years) and cumulative exposure duration to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (median = 146 versus 143 weeks).
Abstract: The presence of the K65R mutation or TAMs was not associated with virological non-response.
Prevalence and characteristics of HIV drug resistance among antiretroviral treatment (ART) experienced adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Ndola, Zambia.
Abstract: The mutation M184V which confers resistance to NRTI drugs of lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC) was the most common (81%) among NRTI associated mutations followed by K65R (34.5%) which is associated with both tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) resistance.
Result: Of these (n = 45), 19 had the K65R mutation that confers resistance to tenofovir and abacavir but potentiates the effectiveness of zidovudine as a second line option.
Result: Overall, the 10 most common mutations were M184V (81%), K103N (65.5%), Y188C (36.2%), Y181C (36.2%), V106A (36.2),
Prevalence of HIV-1 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Resistance in Treatment-Naive Voluntary Counselling and Testing Clients by Population Sequencing and Illumina Next-Generation Sequencing in Taiwan.
Result: The most common RAMs to NRTIs were M184V and K65R (1.3%), while those for NNRTIs were V179D (4.5%), V106I (2.7%), and K103N (1.3%), and those for PIs were L10I (13.4%), A71T (5.8%), and L10V (4.0%).
Figure: The figure shows that the most common drug resistance-associated mutations were M184V (1.3%) and K65R (1.3%) for NRTIs, V179D (4.5%), V106I (2.7%) and K103N (1.3%) for
ViMRT
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
BMC infectious diseases
