Patterns of resistance emerging in HIV-1 from antiretroviral-experienced patients undergoing intensification therapy with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
PMID: 15483463
2004
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Development of K65R was associated with mostly low-level changes in phenotypic susceptibility to tenofovir DF and other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and was not associated with viral load rebound.
Abstract: Other than K65R, the patterns of mutations that developed were not significantly different between the tenofovir DF and placebo control arms, suggesting that the background therapies caused their development.
Abstract: The K65R mutation emerged only in patients with no detectable TAMs at baseline, whereas new TAMs developed similarly between patients with or without TAMs at baseline.
Abstract: The K65R mutation, which occurred in 8 patients (3%), was the only emergent mutation directly associated with tenofovir DF therapy.
Abstract: Therefore, intensification with on
In vitro combination of amdoxovir and the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors mycophenolic acid and ribavirin demonstrates potent activity against wild-type and drug-resistant variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
PMID: 15504868
2004
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Similarly, when tested against a mutant virus fully resistant to inhibition by DAPD (K65R/Q151M), MPA and RBV reduced the EC(50) for DAPD to within twofold of that for the wild type.
Effect of concurrent zidovudine use on the resistance pathway selected by abacavir-containing regimens.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Abacavir (ABC) selects for four mutations (K65R, L74V, Y115F and M184V) in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), both in vitro and during monotherapy in vivo.
Abstract: RESULTS: K65R was selected infrequently by ABC-containing regimens in the absence of ZDV (13 of 127 patients), while L74V/I was selected more frequently (51 of 127 patients).
Abstract: Selection of both K65R and L74V/I was significantly reduced by co-administration of ZDV with ABC (one of 86 and two of 86 patients, respectively).
Abstract: The K65R mutation conferred the broadest phenotypic cross-resist
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
Abstract: None out of 216 drug-naive subjects showed K65R.
Abstract: The rate of K65R increased from 0.6% in 1999 to 11.5% in 2004.
Abstract: The recognition of K65R correlated negatively with the presence of thymidine analogue mutations but positively with Q151M.
"[Treatment strategies for human immunodeficiency virus infection or ""return to the future""]."
PMID: 15906447
2004
Medecine et maladies infectieuses
Abstract: Accordingly, the first antiretroviral drug available zidovudine, after being left over for some time, now is an active component of tritherapies because of its ability to reduce the emergence of the K65R resistance mutation induced by some nucleosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Reversion of the M184V mutation in simian immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase is selected by tenofovir, even in the presence of lamivudine.
Abstract: All animals receiving this combination developed the K65R mutation.
Abstract: These results demonstrate that the combination of PMPA with 3TC or (-)-FTC selects for the K65R mutation and against the M184V mutation in SIV RT.
Abstract: Variants resistant to both drugs were found to have the lysine-to-arginine mutation at codon 65 (K65R), which has previously been associated with resistance to PMPA in both SIV and HIV.
Tenofovir: a nucleotide analog for the management of human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Abstract: In vitro, recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) expressing the K65R mutation showed a 3-4-fold increase in the 50% inhibitory concentrations of tenofovir when compared with wild type.
Dioxolane guanosine 5'-triphosphate, an alternative substrate inhibitor of wild-type and mutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Steady state and pre-steady state kinetic analyses.
PMID: 12651859
2003
The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: HIV-1 with the reverse transcriptase mutations K65R, L74V, and/or Q151M were less sensitive to DXG, whereas the mutation K103N re-sensitized the virus to the inhibitory effect of DXG.
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
Abstract: K65R was selected in seven viruses and was associated with a high level of enzymatic resistance to d4T-triphosphate (median, 16-fold; range, 5- to 48-fold).
Abstract: Four of the six viruses that had 215C/D mutations at baseline acquired the 215Y mutation alone or in association with K65R.
Abstract: Mutants having K65R and T215Y replicated less efficiently than viruses that had T215Y only, suggesting that selection of T215Y in patients treated with d4T may be favored.
Abstract: Our results demonstrate that K65R plays a role in d4T resistance and indicate that resistance pathways for d4T and AZT may not be identical.
Abstract: Phenotypic assays based on recombinant single-cycle replication or a whole-virus multiple r
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2004
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
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