Abstract: DESIGN: OLA-Simple probes to detect K65R, K103N/S, Y181C, M184V, and
Discussion: Despite modifications, these K65R probes had the highest rate of IND results (8.5%) mainly due to closely spaced nucleotide variations at codons 67, 68, and 69, including the polymorphic mutation S68G (Supplementary Table 3, http://links.lww.com/QAD/B693).
Discussion: To reduce the IND rate for K65R, a mixture of common probes complementary to these polymorphisms/mutations may be necessary at this site.
Discussion: Universal probes for K65R in the OLA-Simple kit were slightly modified for the subtype B Mexican variants, and these had not been previously validated on clinical specimens.
Prevalence of acquired drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral- experiencing subjects from 2012 to 2017 in Hunan Province of central South China.
Result: The most common primary NRTI mutations detected included M184V (62.04%), K65R (20.24%), K70R (15.01%), T215D/S (9.41%), Y115F (7.22%) and M41L (6.35%).
Table: K65R
Discussion: K65R is the signature mutation associated with TDF resistance.
Discussion: The most frequently identified ADR present in NRTI was M184V/I (61.27%), followed by K65R (19.96%).
Discussion: This study showed that K65R codon mutation had a significant increase from 2014 (71.4, 6.74, 16.42, 22.73%, 20.48 and 30.91%, respectiv
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Viral Load Is Elevated in Individuals With Reverse-Transcriptase Mutation M184V/I During Virological Failure of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy and Is Associated With Compensatory Mutation L74I.
PMID: 31774913
2020
The Journal of infectious diseases
5Result: A previous study reported that L74I can restore replication to a virus with the K65R mutation without conferring drug resistance; therefore, we sought to test the hypothesis that L74I could restore replication ""fitness"" to a M184V mutant virus, thereby explaining the higher than expected VLs."
Method: We repeated this process in subgroups of patients defined by several baseline characteristics: presence of K65R mutation, presence of major NNRTI mutations, choice of NRTI, choice of NNRTI, categories of baseline CD4 count (< and >200 cells/mm3), and categories of baseline VL (< and >100 000 copies per mL).
Result: Many of these mutations have previously been associated with drug resistance t
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease mutations for drug-resistance detection among treatment-experienced and naive HIV-infected individuals.
High prevalence of integrase mutation L74I in West African HIV-1 subtypes prior to integrase inhibitor treatment.
PMID: 32105319
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Table: K65R
Natural polymorphisms in HIV-1 CRF01_AE strain and profile of acquired drug resistance mutations in a long-term combination treatment cohort in northeastern China.
Abstract: The mutation rate at 14 sites increased significantly at TF time point compared to baseline, with the most common DRMs comprising G190S/C, K65R, K101E/N/Q, M184 V/I, and V179D/I/A/T/E, ranging from 66.7 to 45.2%.
Result: L228R was correlated with known DRMs G190S (cKa/Ks
Result: In this study, 40 out of 2034 (1.97%) treatment-naive CRF01_AE-infected patients had transmitted DRMs, with the common DRMs comprising K103 N, G190S, K101E, T215S, K65R, and K219Q.
Evaluation of the management of pretreatment HIV drug resistance by oligonucleotide ligation assay: a randomised controlled trial.
Method: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated for NNRTI and NRTI drug resistance mutations, K103N, Y181C, G190A, and K65R, and M184V, using a quantitative OLA.
Method: We evaluated K65R in all pre-ART specimens retrospectively as tenofovir became more available concomitantly with efavirenz.
Trend of HIV-1 drug resistance in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over 17 years (2001-2017).
Result: The percentages of four mutations K65R (NRTI), M184I/V (NRTI), G190A/S (NNRTI) and M230L (NNRTI) were significantly correlated with subtypes (p < 0.05) (Table 2).
Discussion: Third, two NRTI (M184V/I and K65R), three NNRTI (K103N/S, Y181C/I and G190A/S) and one PI (M46I/L) mutations had higher prevalence than other SDRMs in China.
Pretreatment HIV drug resistance spread within transmission clusters in Mexico City.
PMID: 31819984
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: K65R was very rare and only observed as a low-frequency variant.
Discussion: Moreover, consistent with previous observations, DRMs with low transmission fitness due to high replicative impairment such as M184V/I and K65R were not shared within the Mexican network, and were observed mostly at low within-host frequencies in the study population.
Pre-treatment HIV-drug resistance associated with virologic outcome of first-line NNRTI-antiretroviral therapy: A cohort study in Kenya.
Result: Among the 59 participants with PDR, NNRTI mutations (K103N, Y181C, G190A) were detected in all but one (98 3%) and NRTI mutations (K65R, M184V) were detected in 14 (23 7%).
Table: K65R
Discussion: An economical and easy to use point of care OLA kit that assesses NNRTI mutations K103N, Y181C, G190A and NRTI mutations M184V and K65R could be used in resource-limited settings to test patients prior to starting EFV-based ART, at virologic failure
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
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