Abstract: Four patients (2%) developed the K65R mutation (selected by tenofovir in vitro) and showed 3- to 4-fold reductions in tenofovir susceptibility but no evidence of rebound viremia.
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
Abstract: The K65R mutation in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is associated with reduced susceptibility to abacavir and tenofovir.
Abstract: The presence of K65R is associated with previous abacavir use.
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
PMID: 12384348
2002
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: ATP-mediated removal of carbovir as well as small increases in the inhibitory capacity of carbovir appear to contribute to the resistance of mutants with the K65R mutation and the mutants with the K65R and M184V mutations to abacavir.
Abstract: Enzymatic and viral replication analyses were undertaken to elucidate the mechanisms of altered drug susceptibilities and potential fitness defects for the K65R and K65R+M184V mutants.
Abstract: Finally, both the HIV-1 K65R mutant and, more notably, the HIV-1 K65R+M184V double mutant showed reduced replication capacities and reduced RT processivities in vitro, consistent with a potential fitness defect in vivo and the low p
Evolution of antiretroviral phenotypic and genotypic drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected children treated with abacavir/lamivudine, zidovudine/lamivudine or abacavir/zidovudine, with or without nelfinavir (the PENTA 5 trial).
Abstract: Reduced phenotypic susceptibility to ABC only occurred in the 3TC+ABC arm and required K65R and/or L74V in addition to M184V.
4'-Ethynyl nucleoside analogs: potent inhibitors of multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus variants in vitro.
PMID: 11302824
2001
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: These 4'-E analogs also suppressed replication of various drug-resistant HIV-1 clones, including HIV-1(M41L/T215Y), HIV-1(K65R), HIV-1(L74V), HIV-1(M41L/T69S-S-G/T215Y), and HIV-1(A62V/V75I/F77L/F116Y/Q151M).
Alkylglycerol prodrugs of phosphonoformate are potent in vitro inhibitors of nucleoside-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and select for resistance mutations that suppress zidovudine resistance.
PMID: 11353603
2001
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Except for an HIV-1 variant encoding the K65R mutation in RT that exhibited 3.3- to 8.2-fold resistance, the nucleoside-resistant viruses included in the panel were sensitive to the PFA prodrugs (<3-fold increase in 50% inhibitory concentration), including multinucleoside-resistant variants encoding the Q151M complex of mutations or the T69S[SA] insert.
Gag-Pol supplied in trans is efficiently packaged and supports viral function in human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Abstract: The Gag-Pol proteins were either immunotagged with a His epitope or functionally tagged with a mutation (K65R) in reverse transcriptase that is associated with drug resistance.
Adefovir and tenofovir susceptibilities of HIV-1 after 24 to 48 weeks of adefovir dipivoxil therapy: genotypic and phenotypic analyses of study GS-96-408.
PMID: 11511821
2001
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: RT mutations previously selected by adefovir in vitro (K70E or K65R) did not develop in any patient.
Prophylactic and therapeutic benefits of short-term 9-[2-(R)-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (PMPA) administration to newborn macaques following oral inoculation with simian immunodeficiency virus with reduced susceptibility to PMPA.
Abstract: No reversion to wild-type susceptibility or loss of the K65R mutation was detected in virus isolates from any of the PMPA-treated or untreated SIVmac055-infected animals.
Abstract: SIVmac055 is a virulent isolate that has a fivefold-reduced in vitro susceptibility to PMPA, associated with a K65R mutation and additional amino acid changes (N69T, R82K, A158S, S211N) in reverse transcriptase (RT).
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) genotype and susceptibility to RT inhibitors during abacavir monotherapy and combination therapy.
Abstract: At the latest time point on abacavir monotherapy (range, weeks 6-48), 21 out of 43 subjects harboured virus with resistance conferring mutations including single, double and triple combinations of K65R, L74V, Y115F and M184V.
Abstract: At week 48, 16 out of 46 genotypes were obtained; one of these was wild-type; 15 contained M184V either alone, in combination with K65R and/or L74V and/or Y115F or with thymidine analogue-associated mutations.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2002
AIDS (London, England)
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