Result: M184 V/I 87 (28.8%), K65R/E/N 27 (8.9%), L74 V 3 (1.0%), and Y115F 12 (4.0%) were the mutations conferring resistance to NRTIs, along with thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) M41L 14 (4.6%), D67N 17 (5.6%), K70R 20 (6.6%), L210W
Result: K65R/E/N and K70E mutations conferred resistance to TDF and M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E conferred resistance to AZT.
Correlation of HIV-1 drug resistant mutations and virologic failure.
PMID: 34584606
2021
The Pan African medical journal
Introduction: These mutations included M184V, K65R,D67N,K70R,K219Q,Q151M, T215F, M41L, T69N, V75M, M41L, T69N, V75M, D67G, V75M, M184I, T215N, M41LM, T215N, K219N,210W, T215Y as NRTIs; K103N/S
Development of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Resistance to 4'-Ethynyl-2-Fluoro-2'-Deoxyadenosine Starting with Wild-Type or Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Resistant Strains.
PMID: 34516245
2021
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: To study EFdA resistance patterns that may emerge in naive or tenofovir (TFV)-, emtricitabine/lamivudine (FTC/3TC)-, or zidovudine (AZT)-treated patients, we performed viral passaging experiments starting with WT, K65R, M184V, or D67N/K70R/T215F/K219Q HIV-1.
Transmitted drug resistance to Tenofovir/Emtricitabine among persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection in Shenyang city, Northeast China from 2016 to 2018.
Abstract: Most cases were sporadic in the phylogenetic tree, except two CRF01_AE sequences with K65R (Bootstrap value: 99%).
Abstract: The TDF/FTC DRMs included K65R (8/13), M184I/V (5/13), and Y115F (2/13).
Introduction: The Stanford drug resistance database showed the incidence of K65R (1.6-3.0%) and M184I/V (30-63%) among eight common HIV-1 subtypes in NRTI-treated patients.
Introduction: The main drug resistance mutations (DRMs) to TDF/FTC include K65R and M184I/V, but the global incidence was rather low in HIV ART-naive patients.
Result: Eight TDF/FTC resistant strains were sporadic in the ML tree without obvious aggregation, but
Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in Black Americans With HIV-1: A Randomized Phase 3b, Multicenter, Open-Label Study.
PMID: 34397746
2021
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Method: Participants had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >=50 mL per minute (calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation) and no documented history of resistance to INSTIs or tenofovir (TFV) resistance defined as K65R/E/N mutations, >=3 thymidine analog mutations, or T69 insertions (See Appendix, Supplemental Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/QAI/B674).
Nucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance Mutations Predict Virological Failure in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patients During Lamivudine Plus Dolutegravir Maintenance Therapy in Clinical Practice.
PMID: 34327247
2021
Open forum infectious diseases
Method: The role of any non-TAM was not specifically studied because of the low number of patients harboring the K65R/E/N mutation (the only other non-TAM associated with decreased susceptibility to 3TC) and its collinearity with M184V/I.
Table: K65R/E
HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Genetic Transmission Networks Among MSM Failing Antiretroviral Therapy in South China 2014-2019.
Abstract: The most common DRMs were M184I/V (42.2%), followed by V179D/E (37.9%) and K65R (27.2%).
Result: Among the NRTI DRMs, M184I/V (42.2%, 166/393) was the most frequent, followed by K65R (27.2%, 107/393).
Result: The most common NRTI mutation pattern was M184V+K65R, with a frequency of 15.0% (59/393).
Table: K65R
Discussion: A high frequency of K65R plus M184V/I (15.0%) was observed in this study, and K65R plus M184 V/I appeared sufficient t
High prevalence of integrase mutation L74I in West African HIV-1 subtypes prior to integrase inhibitor treatment.
PMID: 32105319
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Table: K65R
Characteristics of drug resistance in HIV-1 CRF55_01B from ART-experienced patients in Guangdong, China.
PMID: 32300784
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Among DRMs, M184V (43.83%) was the most frequent NRTI DRM, followed by K65R (23.46%), and V179E (98.77%) was the most frequent NNRTI DRM, followed by K103N (47.53%) and Y181C (14.81%).
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease mutations for drug-resistance detection among treatment-experienced and naive HIV-infected individuals.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Medicine
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