Deep sequencing of HIV-1 reveals extensive subtype variation and drug resistance after failure of first-line antiretroviral regimens in Nigeria.
PMID: 34741609
2022
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: All K65R mutations in the study sequences were AGA.
Result: All participants with K65R also had M184I/V.
Result: One-third of people with the CRF02_AG clade had K65R (33%; 18/54), compared with only 7% of people with subtype G (3/42; P = 0.002).
Result: The K65R mutation involves a switch between the basic amino acids lysine (K), which is coded for by AAA or AAG, and arginine (R), which is coded for by AGA, AGG, CGT, CGC, CGA or CGG (Figure 3).
Result: The K65R mutation was detected in the samples of 24% of participants (24/101), of whom 83% (20/24) had received tenofovir and 13% (3/24) had received stavudine, with two people having received both agents.
Result: Three of the four CRF06_cpx samples also had the K
Comparing effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral therapy between peri-urban and rural clinics in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Abstract: Continued population-level monitoring of INSTI and NRTI mutations, especially M184V and K65R, is warranted amidst expanding use of second-generation INSTIs and PrEP.
Abstract: Most individual mutations had a prevalence <1.0% including M184V (0.9%) and K65R (0.1%); K103N was most prevalent (8.6%).
Integrase Inhibitor Resistance Mechanisms and Structural Characteristics in Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced, Integrase Inhibitor-Naive Adults with HIV-1 Infection Treated with Dolutegravir plus Two Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in the DAWNING Study.
PMID: 34694877
2022
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Result: One participant (participant 1) had the integrase substitution R263R/K and NRTI resistance-associated substitutions K65R and M184I/V at baseline, despite no apparent prior INSTI treatment, but did not demonstrate in vitro dolutegravir phenotypic resistance.
Table: K65R
Phase 2 Open-Label Study of Long-Term Safety, Tolerability, and Antiviral Activity of Rilpivirine in Antiretroviral-Naive Adolescents Living with HIV-1.
PMID: 34871089
2022
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Result: In addition, K65R plus Y115F (n = 1) and M184I (n = 2) were observed in combination with RPV RAMs.
Brief Report: Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Efficacy in Participants With Preexisting Primary Integrase Inhibitor Resistance Through 48 Weeks of Phase 3 Clinical Trials.
PMID: 34897227
2022
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Table: K65R/E
Rising rates of recent preexposure prophylaxis exposure among men having sex with men newly diagnosed with HIV: antiviral resistance patterns and treatment outcomes.
Doravirine and Islatravir Have Complementary Resistance Profiles and Create a Combination with a High Barrier to Resistance.
PMID: 35491829
2022
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Six isolates bearing NRTI RAMs (M184V and/or K65R) were resistant to lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC) but not to other approved NRTIs.
Diversity of HIV-1 Subtypes and Transmitted Drug-resistance Mutations Among Minority HIV-1 Variants in a Turkish Cohort.
Abstract: M41L, L74I, K65R, M184V, and M184I related to NRTI, K103N to NNRTI, and N83D, M46I, I84V, V82A, L24I, L90M, I54V to the PI sites were identified using NGS.
Abstract: All TDRMs, except K65R, were detected in HIV-1 subtype B isolates.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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