literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Emergence of drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected patients from pune, India, at the end of 12 months of first line antiretroviral therapy initiation.

PMID: 25006528 2014 ISRN AIDS

Discussion: L100I, K101P, P225H, F227L, M230L, and K238T are secondary mutations that usually occur in combination with one of the primary NNRTI resistance mutations.

Discussion: Of these secondary mutations P225H (1/19) & K238T/N (2/19) were the secondary NNRTI mutation seen in our study.

Prevalence and mutation patterns of HIV drug resistance from 2010 to 2011 among ART-failure individuals in the Yunnan Province, China.

PMID: 24009694 2013 PloS one

Table: K238T

Trends in Genotypic HIV-1 Antiretroviral Resistance between 2006 and 2012 in South African Patients Receiving First- and Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens.

PMID: 23840622 2013 PloS one

Result: Additional NNRTI-resistance mutations not shown in Table 4 included (i) A98G, which occurred in 3.3% of NNRTI-treated patients; (ii) V106A, which occurred in 0.6% of NNRTI-treated patients; (iii) E138G/Q, which occurred in 0.9% and 0.9% of patients, respectively; (iv) V179D/E/T/F, which occurred in 8.5%, 0.7%, 0.5%, and 0% of NNRTI-treated patients respectively; (v) Y181I/V, which occurred in one and no patient, respectively; (vi) H221Y, which occurred in 5.9% of EFV-treated and 9.3% of NVP-treated patients (p<0.001); (vii) P225H, which occurred in 13.6% of EFV-treate

Transmission patterns of HIV-subtypes A/AE versus B: inferring risk-behavior trends and treatment-efficacy limitations from viral genotypic data obtained prior to and during antiretroviral therapy.

PMID: 23469241 2013 PloS one

Table: K238T

Comparison of predicted susceptibility between genotype and virtual phenotype HIV drug resistance interpretation systems among treatment-naive HIV-infected patients in Asia: TASER-M cohort analysis.

PMID: 23095645 2012 BMC research notes

Result: Among the 1226 patients with no discrepancy, the efavirenz-associated mutations were A98G (0.3%), K103N (0.8%), K103S (0.2%), V106M (0.2%), V179D (0.6%), Y181C (0.6%), G190A (0.3%), G190E (0.1%), P225H (0.2%), F227C (0.1%) and K238T (0.1%).

Constrained patterns of covariation and clustering of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations.

PMID: 20462946 2010 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Result: The third principal component accounts for 15% of the total inertia and separates K103N and its associated mutations (L100I, P225H and K238T) from G190S and Y188L

Table: K238T

Discussion: reported five significant associations among the NNRTI-selected mutations that we studied: Y181C/H221Y, V108I/H221Y, L100I/K103N, K103N/P225H and K103N/K238T.

[Genetic characteristics of HIV-1 primary drug resistance-associated mutations in treatment-naive individuals in Liaoning province, 2004-2008].

PMID: 20137514 2009 Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]

Abstract: The most frequent substitutions (4/13) in the RT region at positions P225H, K238S, V179D, K238T and a major position I54S in PR implied to a multiple drug-resistance.

Compilation and prevalence of mutations associated with resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

PMID: 19320243 2009 Antiviral therapy

Abstract: These included V90I, A98G, L100I, K1O1E/P/Q, K103H/N/S/T, V106A/I/M, V108I, E138G/K/Q, V179D/E/F/G/I, Y181C/I/V, Y188C/H/L, V189I, G190A/C/E/Q/S, H221Y, P225H, F227C/L, M230I/L, P236L, K238N/T and Y318F

Persistent minority K103N mutations among women exposed to single-dose nevirapine and virologic response to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-based therapy.

PMID: 19133804 2009 Clinical infectious diseases

Table: K238T

HIV-1 subtype B protease and reverse transcriptase amino acid covariation.

PMID: 17500586 2007 PLoS computational biology

Method: NNRTI-selected mutations included A98G, L100I, K101E/P/N/H, K103N/S, V106A/M, V108I, V179D/E, Y181C/I/V, Y188L/C/H, G190A/S/E/Q, P225H, F227L, M230L, P236L, and K238T.

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