The frequency of defective genes in vif and vpr genes in 20 hemophiliacs is associated with Korean Red Ginseng and highly active antiretroviral therapy: the impact of lethal mutations in vif and vpr genes on HIV-1 evolution.
Result: All first K22N was detected in AIDS or low CD4+ T-cell count, whereas it was also reported in long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs).
Result: Instead of the very rare K22H, we found an evolution from K22K to K22N in six HPs (3, 7, 8, 10, 11, and 19) (11.5%; 81/706 sequences) whose samples were not exposed to any antiretroviral drugs (except HP 19).
Result: Interestingly, survival analysis revealed that Q135P was significantly associated with fast progression to AIDS, although K22N was not associated with it.
Discussion: In this study, however, there was no K22H in patients resistant to antiretroviral drugs, although two of six patients with
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Journal of ginseng research
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