Result: We also noted a positive association between K43E and amino acid changes E44A, V118I, H208Y, K219N/R and V75M (data not shown; p values were highly significant at an FDR level of 0.01 in all cases).
Discussion: The association of K43E with changes at these codons or H208Y, K219N/R and V75M changes may potentially involve a compensatory interaction, but further studies will be necessary to investigate this relationship.
Long-term foscarnet therapy remodels thymidine analogue mutations and alters resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine in HIV-1.
Abstract: In the case of TAMs, combinations of > or = 3 mutations (K70G+K219R+L228R+/-V75T) induced PFA resistance and decreased zidovudine resistance 3-13-fold.
Abstract: In two patients who received > 12 months of PFA treatment, a novel mutation pattern including K70G, V75T, K219R and L228R emerged.
Abstract: Reversion of K70G --> R and K219R --> E in a patient-derived clone confirmed the contribution of individual mutations and the negative association between PFA resistance and zidovudine resistance.
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
Result: The mutations most commonly observed (sometimes transiently) after the detection of K65R included K20R (3 animals), M41L (3 animals), S68G/K/N (12 animals), K70H/N/T/Q (9 animals), W88S (6 animals), Y115F (9 animals), F116W (6 animals), V118I (3 animals), I178M (6 animals), L214F (11 animals), and K219Q/R/E/N/D/H/G (7 animals) (table 1).
No response to first-line tenofovir+lamivudine+efavirenz despite optimization according to baseline resistance testing: impact of resistant minority variants on efficacy of low genetic barrier drugs.
Abstract: Retrospective single genome sequencing of the baseline sample revealed the presence of minority viral variants with additional mutations: a mutation conferring resistance to lamivudine (M184IV), a thymidine associated mutation (K219R) and mutations possibly associated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase resistance (F227S, M230IV).
Sequential emergence and clinical implications of viral mutants with K70E and K65R mutation in reverse transcriptase during prolonged tenofovir monotherapy in rhesus macaques with chronic RT-SHIV infection.
Abstract: In 7 of 12 children, M184V appeared with one thymidine-analogue-associated mutation (TAM) as the first mutation, while the remaining 5 children had only TAMs appearing either individually (n = 2), or as TAMs 1 (M41L, L210W, and T215Y) and 2 (D67N, K70R, and K219Q/E/R) appearing together (n = 3).
Drug-resistant HIV infection among drug-naive patients in Israel.
Abstract: RESULTS: Major drug resistance mutations (protease: L90M; reverse transcriptase: M41L, K103N, V106M, M184V, Y181S, G190A, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219R) were detected in 1 subject with A subtype, 3 with subtype B, and 9 with subtype C.
Phenotypic impact of HIV reverse transcriptase M184I/V mutations in combination with single thymidine analog mutations on nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance.
Abstract: Mutations known to be associated with reduced sensitivity to NRTI or NNRTI (V118I, E44D, K219R, T69A, and V75L) were found in a low prevalence (0.6-2.4%).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2008
Retrovirology
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