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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Standardized comparison of the relative impacts of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations on nucleoside RT inhibitor susceptibility.
 PMID: 22330916       2012       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: In addition, the study contains new findings on the relative impacts of thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) on susceptibility to abacavir and tenofovir; the impacts of several known but incompletely characterized mutations, including E40F, V75T, Y115F, and K219R; and a tentative role in reduced NRTI susceptibility for K64H, a novel NRTI resistance mutation.


  Drug resistance patterns and virus re-suppression among HIV-1 subtype C infected patients receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in South Africa.
 PMID: 21927716       2011       Journal of AIDS & clinical research
Discussion: Among eight patients with TAMs, the most common pathway (seen in 6/8 patients) was TAM-2 related (D67N, K70R, K219Q/R/E); and the rest (2/8) were mixed with the TAM-1 pathway (M41L, L210W, T215Y) extending similar prior Southern African observations.


  High prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in Lome, Togo.
 PMID: 21663632       2011       Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: Two patients had virus mutations indicative of the TAM-1 profile (M41L, L210W, T215S), and two of the TAM-2 profile (D67N, K70R, T215F, K219Q/R/E).


  Transmission of HIV drug resistance and non-B subtype distribution in the Spanish cohort of antiretroviral treatment naive HIV-infected individuals (CoRIS).
 PMID: 21663768       2011       Antiviral research
Abstract: The most prevalent resistance mutations were: T215 revertants (3.8%), D67NG (1.3%), K219QENR (1.2%) and M41L (1%), for NRTIs; K103N (3.2%), for NNRTIs; I54VLMSAT, M46I and L90M (0.7%), for PIs.


  Correlation between resistance profile and immunosuppression in heavily treated HIV-1 infected Romanian patients.
 PMID: 22180722       2011       Romanian biotechnological letters
Result: None of the patients presented K219N/R, the mutation that usually occurs in heavily NRTI treated patients, nor multi-nucleoside resistance, via the Q151 or the 68-69 pathway.


  Transmitted drug resistance in the CFAR network of integrated clinical systems cohort: prevalence and effects on pre-therapy CD4 and viral load.
 PMID: 21701595       2011       PloS one
Abstract: We found that causal effect estimates of mutations M184V/I (-1.7 log10pVL) and D67N/G (-2.1[3 CD4] and 0.4 log10pVL) were compensated by K103N/S and K219Q/E/N/R.


  Clinical and genotypic findings in HIV-infected patients with the K65R mutation failing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria.
 PMID: 19644383       2009       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: Among the 13 patients on non-TDF ART, the following NRTI mutations were observed in association with the K65R mutation: Q151M, F77L, F116Y, V75I, M184V, K219R, T69del and S68G.
Result: Mutations that occurred significantly more commonly in patients on non-TDF ART than those on TDF containing ART included Q151M complex mutations (p <0.05), and the combination of K219R
Discussion: They included the Q151M complex, the T69 deletion, K219R and S68G mutations.


  Antiretroviral drug susceptibility among drug-naive adults with recent HIV infection in Rakai, Uganda.
 PMID: 19276794       2009       AIDS (London, England)
Abstract: Mutations used for genotypic surveillance of transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance were identified in six samples: three had nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) surveillance mutations (two had M41L, one had K219R), and three had protease inhibitor surveillance mutations (I47V, F53L, N88D); none had nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) surveillance mutations.
Result: Seven of the 104 samples (6.7%) had a mutation associated with NRTI resistance (one mutation in each sample: M41L (n = 2), E44D<


  Identification of a novel resistance (E40F) and compensatory (K43E) substitution in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
 PMID: 18271957       2008       Retrovirology
Result: We also noted a positive association between K43E and amino acid changes E44A, V118I, H208Y, K219N/R and V75M (data not shown; p values were highly significant at an FDR level of 0.01 in all cases).
Discussion: The association of K43E with changes at these codons or H208Y, K219N/R and V75M changes may potentially involve a compensatory interaction, but further studies will be necessary to investigate this relationship.


  Long-term foscarnet therapy remodels thymidine analogue mutations and alters resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine in HIV-1.
 PMID: 17591023       2007       Antiviral therapy
Abstract: In the case of TAMs, combinations of > or = 3 mutations (K70G+K219R+L228R+/-V75T) induced PFA resistance and decreased zidovudine resistance 3-13-fold.
Abstract: In two patients who received > 12 months of PFA treatment, a novel mutation pattern including K70G, V75T, K219R and L228R emerged.
Abstract: Reversion of K70G --> R and K219R --> E in a patient-derived clone confirmed the contribution of individual mutations and the negative association between PFA resistance and zidovudine resistance.



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