literature

Mutational Correlates of Virological Failure in Individuals Receiving a WHO-Recommended Tenofovir-Containing First-Line Regimen: An International Collaboration.

PMID: 28365230 2017 EBioMedicine

Result: The remaining 26 mutations included 12 mutations at five positions previously associated with NRTI therapy including S68D/G/N/R, T69I, W88S/C, T165L/V, L228H/Q/R; five non-canonical TAMs including D67G, E203K, D218E, and K219N/R; five uncommon previously undifferentiated RTI-associated mutations (I31L/R, T58S, L109I, and K223E) and five previously unreported mutations P4S/T,

PMID: 26414663 2016 AIDS research and human retroviruses

Abstract: However, TAMs were divided into three categories and M41L, L210W, and T215Y mutations were found for TAM1 in 97 (7.4%) patients, D67N, K70R, K219E/Q/N/R, T215F, and T215C/D/S mutations were detected for TAM2 in 52 (3.9%) patients, and M41L + K219N and M41L + T215C/D/S mutations were detected for the TAM1 + TAM2 profile in 22 (1.7%) patients, respectively.

Trends on epidemiological, virological, and clinical features among newly diagnosed HIV-1 persons in Northwest Spain over the last 10 years.

PMID: 25777786 2015 Journal of medical virology

Abstract: The most prevalent TDR mutations were: T215 revertants (1.5%), K219QENR (1.2%), for NRTIs; K103N (1.9%), for NNRTIs; L90M (0.3%), for PIs.

HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations: Potential Applications for Point-of-Care Genotypic Resistance Testing.

PMID: 26717411 2015 PloS one

Result: The TAMs M41L, D67N/E/G and K219Q/E/N/R and the T215 revertant mutations (T215C/D/E/S/I/V) were the most common non-major transmitted NRTI DRMs.

HIV-1 subtype characteristics of infected persons living in southwestern Greece.

PMID: 26715861 2015 HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)

Result: The 22 cases experiencing virologic failure presented with the following DRMs: M46I, F53LY, I54LTV, G73ST, L76V, V82AT, I84V, I185V, N88D, and L90M for PIs; L100I, K103NS, V179F Y181C, G190AS, V106A, K103N, and P225H for NNRTIs; and

HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance in Honduras after a Decade of Widespread Antiretroviral Therapy.

PMID: 26558396 2015 PloS one

Table: K219R

High Prevalence of HIV Low Abundance Drug-Resistant Variants in a Treatment-Naive Population in North Rift Kenya.

PMID: 26414430 2015 AIDS research and human retroviruses

Abstract: The most prevalent mutation was NRTI position K219Q/R (11/46, 24%) followed by NRTI M184V (5/46, 11%) and NNRTI K103N (4/46, 9%).

Assessing transmissibility of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations from treated and from drug-naive individuals.

PMID: 26355575 2015 AIDS (London, England)

Discussion: We show here that D30N, N88D/S and L90 M also have high transmissibility and that other SDRMs have higher (M41L, T215Rev and K219E/N/Q/R for NRTIs and K101E/P for the NNRTIs) or lower transmissibility (K70E/R, L74I/V, and T215Y/F for NRTIs; Y181C/I/V for NNRTIs and I84 V and I54A/L/M/S/T/V for protease inhibit

Epidemiological Surveillance of HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Spain in 2004-2012: Relevance of Transmission Clusters in the Propagation of Resistance Mutations.

PMID: 26010948 2015 PloS one

Result: Considering the 79 sequences with TDR to NRTIs, thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) were the most frequently detected, of which the most common were T215 revertants, present in 48 (60.7%) individuals, M41L in 20 (25.3%), K219Q/R/N/E in 19 (24%), L210W in 14 (17.7%), and D67N in 13.9%.

Discussion: The most frequent TDR mutations to NRTIs were revertant mutations at 215 position (215rev) (60.7%), followed by M41L (25.3%) and K219Q/R/N/E (24%).

Geographic and temporal trends in the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance: an individual-patient- and sequence-level meta-analysis.

PMID: 25849352 2015 PLoS medicine

Method: Thymidine-analog mutations (TAMs) were defined as the NRTI SDRMs M41L, D67N/G/E, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F/S/C/D/E/I/V, and K219Q/E/N/R.