Result: Some of these sequences carrying SDRMs: T69D, G190E, K219Q and K219R + M41L belonged to large TCs (Table 3), others were not part of TCs, such as SDRMs K103N, G140A, G190A and M41L + T215D, while the sequence with SDRMs
Table: K219R
Discussion: For mutations M46I, T69D, G190E, K219Q and K219R reduced fitness compared to wild-type virus has been observed, as these tend to revert back to wild type.
Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in a Large US Clinic Population.
Method: A subset of the NRTI-associated SDRMs were classified as thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) including M41L, D67N/G, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, K219Q/E/R/N, and the T215 revertants T215C/D/E/I/S/V (which evolve from T215F/Y in the absence of selective drug pressure).
Virological outcomes of boosted protease inhibitor-based first-line ART in subjects harbouring thymidine analogue-associated mutations as the sole form of transmitted drug resistance.
PMID: 30544247
2019
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Method: TAMs comprised the RT mutations M41L, D67N/G/E, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F/rev and K219Q/E/N/R; T215rev comprised any change from T215 other than T215Y and T215F.
Prevalence and persistence of transmitted drug resistance mutations in the German HIV-1 Seroconverter Study Cohort.
Result: A Kaplan-Meier analysis could be performed for 18 TDRMs (K20T, L23I, K43T, M46I/L/V, I54V, M41L, L74I, M184V, L210W, K219R, T215A/C/D/N/S and T215Y).
Discussion: In our study cohort, the NRTI mutations M41L, L210W, T215C/D/S and K219R, which also occurred in high frequencies among the transmitted NRTI mutations
Primary HIV Drug Resistance among Recently Infected Cases of HIV in North-West India.
Abstract: Observed mutations were K219R, L74V, K219N, and Y181C.
Result: Out of 6 resistant isolates, 3 had a NRTI resistance mutation (K219R:2; K219N:1) that is known to cause potential low level resistance to Zidovudine (AZT).
Switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide maintained HIV-1 RNA suppression in participants with archived antiretroviral resistance including M184V/I.
PMID: 31430369
2019
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: Pre-existing NRTI-R substitutions were observed in 16% (89/543) of BIC/FTC/TAF-treated participants; the most frequently detected substitutions were M184V/I in 10% (54/543) and thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs; M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F and K219Q/N/E/R) in 8.8% (48/543).
Antiretroviral resistance among HIV-1 patients on first-line therapy attending a comprehensive care clinic in Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya: a retrospective analysis.
PMID: 30061964
2018
The Pan African medical journal
Table: K219R
Week 48 resistance analysis of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF versus Atazanavir + Ritonavir + Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF in HIV-1 infected women (WAVES study GS-US-236-0128).
Method: Primary NRTI-R substitutions assessed were M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, T69 insertions, K70E/R, L74I/V, V75I, F77L, Y115F, F116Y, Q151M, M184V/I, L210W, T215F/Y, and K219E/N/Q/R in RT.
Mutational Correlates of Virological Failure in Individuals Receiving a WHO-Recommended Tenofovir-Containing First-Line Regimen: An International Collaboration.
Result: The remaining 26 mutations included 12 mutations at five positions previously associated with NRTI therapy including S68D/G/N/R, T69I, W88S/C, T165L/V, L228H/Q/R; five non-canonical TAMs including D67G, E203K, D218E, and K219N/R; five uncommon previously undifferentiated RTI-associated mutations (I31L/R, T58S, L109I, and K223E) and five previously unreported mutations P4S/T, PMID: 28622345
2017
PloS one
Abstract: 31 DRMs were identified from 27 samples including four protease inhibitors (PIs) accessory DRMs, two PIs major DRMs (M46I), two nucleoside RT inhibitors DRMs (K219R and K70Q), and 23 nonnucleoside RT inhibitors DRMs.
Result: 3) Two nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) DRMs were: K219R and K70Q.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2019
Scientific reports
Browser Board
Co-occurred Entities
Filtrator
ViMRT