Increasing trends in primary NNRTI resistance among newly HIV-1-diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
PMID: 24093951
2013
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Method: Sequences were analyzed to identify mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to protease and RT inhibitors, as reported by the International AIDS Society-USA in 2010: RT-M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, 69 insert, K70R, L74V,V75I, F77L, L100I, K101P, K103N, V106A, V106M, V108I, Y115
Table: K219Q
Prevalence and mutation patterns of HIV drug resistance from 2010 to 2011 among ART-failure individuals in the Yunnan Province, China.
Result: With the widespread use of AZT and d4T, the resistance mutations associated with these drugs, including K70R, T215F/Y and K219Q/E, were 4.5%, 6.8%, and 5.1%, respectively.
Table: K219Q/E
Simultaneous detection of major drug resistance mutations in the protease and reverse transcriptase genes for HIV-1 subtype C by use of a multiplex allele-specific assay.
PMID: 23985909
2013
Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: All the wild-type and mutant alleles were unequivocally distinguished with plasmid templates, and the limits of detection were 1.56% for K219Q and K219E, 3.13% for L76V, 6.25% for K65R, K70R, L74V, L100I, K103N, K103R, Q151M, Y181C, and I47V, and 12.5% for M41L, K101P, K101E, V106A, V106M, Y115F, M184V, PMID: 23977189
2013
PloS one
Table: K219Q
Persistence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance mutations.
PMID: 23904291
2013
The Journal of infectious diseases
Result: M41L was commonly observed and highly persistent (rate of loss 8 (95% CI, 4-15) per 100 PYFU), and a similar low rate of loss was seen for other TAMs (D67N, L210W, and K219Q/N); however, K70R appeared to be lost more quickly.
Result: NNRTI mutations appeared to be lost more quickly than most TAMs (M41L, D67N, L210W, and K219Q/N) and the 215 revertants (P < .001 for both comparisons).
Table: K219Q
HIV-1 subtypes and primary antiretroviral resistance mutations in antiretroviral therapy naive HIV-1 infected individuals in Turkey.
PMID: 23883841
2013
Japanese journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: The patients had primary antiretroviral resistance mutations to nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NRTIs) (M41L, T215C, T215D, and K219Q), non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs; K103N), and protease inhibitors (PIs; I47V, G73S).
Trends in Genotypic HIV-1 Antiretroviral Resistance between 2006 and 2012 in South African Patients Receiving First- and Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens.
Method: Different RT mutations at the same residue were pooled, including the NRTI-resistance mutations D67NG, K70EGQ, L74VI, M184VI, T215YF, K219QE and the NNRTI-resistance mutations K101EH, K103NS, Y188LCH, and G190ASEQ.
Method: Thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) were defined as M41L, D67NG, K70R, L210W,
Hypersusceptibility mechanism of Tenofovir-resistant HIV to EFdA.
Introduction: The excision reaction is facilitated by Excision Enhancement Mutations (EEMs), typically M41L, D67N, K70R, T215Y/F, L210W, and K219E/Q, which are also known as Thymidine Associated Mutations (TAMs) because they were historically linked to resistance to thymidine analogs AZT and d4T.
Connection subdomain mutations in HIV-1 subtype-C treatment-experienced patients enhance NRTI and NNRTI drug resistance.
Method: Vectors pHL[B-TAMs] and pHL[C-TAMs] were created by introducing NRTI resistance mutations D67N, K70R, T215Y/F, and K219Q into pHL[B-WT] and pHL[C-WT], respectively.
Result: Inherent levels of AZT resistance were first tested for wild-type subtype C in the absence (C-WT) or presence (C-TAMs) of TAMs (D67N, K70R, T215F/Y and K219Q).
Result: We have previously shown that the difference in AZT resistance between TAMs combination D67N, K70R, T215Y and K219Q versus D67N,
ViMRT
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2013
BMC infectious diseases
