Increasing proportions of HIV-1 non-B subtypes and of NNRTI resistance between 2013 and 2016 in Germany: Results from the national molecular surveillance of new HIV-diagnoses.
Result: The thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) M41L, K219Q and T215 revertants as well as the non-TAM M184V were among the most frequently transmitted NRTI-resistance mutations (>= 0.5%) (Table 4).
Table: K219Q
Characterization of minority HIV-1 drug resistant variants in the United Kingdom following the verification of a deep sequencing-based HIV-1 genotyping and tropism assay.
Result: Most of the minority mutations in viruses from both groups of naive patients were observed in the RT, e.g., M41L, E44D, A62V, K65R, D67N, D67G, V75I, L100I, K103N, K103R, V188I, M184I, L210W, K219Q, Y318F, etc., although a number of minority mutations associated with resistance to PI (L10F, V11I, M46I/
Research on the treatment effects and drug resistances of long-term second-line antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients from Henan Province in China.
Abstract: At 48 weeks, the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutation K219E/Q (p = 0.004) and the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations K101E/P (p = 0.03) and P225H (p = 0.007) were less common in virus from participants with raltegravir-intensified ART, with weak evidence of less interm
Discussion: Despite similar rates of virological failure >=1,000 copies/mL, raltegravir-intensified ART was associated with lower rates of the NRTI mutation K219E/Q and the NNRTI mutations K101E/P and P225H.
The High Genetic Barrier of EFdA/MK-8591 Stems from Strong Interactions with the Active Site of Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase.
Introduction: Moreover, we found that nine amino acid substitutions, namely, M41L, D67Delta, T69G, K70R, L74I, V75T, M184V, T215F, and K219Q (in HIV-1EFdAR), were associated with EFdA resistance.
Result: We previously selected an HIV-1EFdAR variant harboring M41L, D67Delta, T69G, K70R, L74I, V75T, M184V, T215F, and K219Q mutations (Figure 2A).
Molecular Antiretroviral Resistance Markers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 of CRF01_AE Subtype in Bali, Indonesia.
Discussion: There are two clusters of TAMs; cluster 1 includes substitutions of M41L, L210W and T215Y, while cluster 2 of D67N, K70R, T125F and K219Q/E/N.
Etravirine combined with antiretrovirals other than darunavir/ritonavir for HIV-1-infected, treatment-experienced adults: Week 48 results of a phase IV trial.
Result: Emerging NRTI RAMs were M41L, L74V, K219Q (1/49), D67N, M184I, T215Y (2/49), and M184V (3/49).
Mutational Correlates of Virological Failure in Individuals Receiving a WHO-Recommended Tenofovir-Containing First-Line Regimen: An International Collaboration.
Method: Because of the possibility that some individuals may have received a thymidine analog before receiving a TDF-containing regimen, as such switches may not have always reported, we excluded from our analysis individuals with sequences containing one or more canonical thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) - M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E.
Fidelity of classwide-resistant HIV-2 reverse transcriptase and differential contribution of K65R to the accuracy of HIV-1 and HIV-2 reverse transcriptases.
Introduction: Unlike HIV-1, HIV-2 does not develop resistance to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) through the excision pathway (involving amino acid substitutions M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219E/Q in the viral RT), but relies exclusively on nucleotide discrimination.
Recent trends and patterns in HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in the United Kingdom.
Result: The most frequently detected mutations were T215 revertants (not F/Y) (268; 1.6%) and other TAMs [M41L (141; 0.9%) and K219Q/N (104; 0.6%)] conferring resistance to the NRTI drug class; K103N (354; 2.2%) and Y181C (66; 0.4%) conferring resistance to the NNRTI drug class, and L90M (111; 0.7%) and M46L (48; 0.3%) conferring resistance to the PI drug class.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2018
PloS one
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