Abstract: DRMs to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was found in 1 sample (2.3% [95% CI 0.0-6.8]), with the K219Q mutation.
Correlation between resistance profile and immunosuppression in heavily treated HIV-1 infected Romanian patients.
PMID: 22180722
2011
Romanian biotechnological letters
Result: Thymidine analog mutations, TAMs, selected by zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (D4T) were usually accompanying this mutation; TAM-2 pathway (mutations D67N, K70R, T215F) was most commonly encountered in immunossupressed patients (28.6%), as well as other substitutions that by themselves, or while accompanying other mutations, confer NRTI resistance: K219E/K/Q (38.1%) and T69N (19%).
Does GSS still maintain relevance on HAART outcome after the introduction of newest active antiretroviral drugs? 48 weeks results.
Result: Mutations associated with resistance to nucleoside analogues (NAMs) were also more frequent among women exposed only to dual-drug PLAT (M41L, 5.0%; D67N, 5.0%; K70R, 10.0; and T215Y, 5.0%) than in those treated with 3 drugs (M41L, 1.1%; D67N, 1.1%; K70R, 1.1%; L210F, 1.1%; K219Q, 1.1%).
Low-abundance HIV species and their impact on mutational profiles in patients with virological failure on once-daily abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine and tenofovir.
PMID: 20008905
2010
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Introduction: M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219Q/E), such that they are rarely detected in vivo in the same sample by population sequencing.
Result: Interestingly, although Subject 8 had low-abundance viral species containing the L210W mutation by VF, a different TAM (K219Q) had been detected at baseline by CG.
Result: Seven of the VF subjects at baseline had resistance mutation-containing low-abundance viral species (including one of more of the following: A62V, F77L, K70E, T215A, Table: K219Q
N348I in reverse transcriptase provides a genetic pathway for HIV-1 to select thymidine analogue mutations and mutations antagonistic to thymidine analogue mutations.
Result: Previous biochemical studies suggested that this phenotype was due to the Y181C mutation decreasing the AZT-MP excision activity of both WT and D67N/K70R/T215F/K219Q HIV-1 RT by directly impacting ATP binding and/or the rate of AZT-MP excision.
Prevalence and clinical significance of HIV drug resistance mutations by ultra-deep sequencing in antiretroviral-naive subjects in the CASTLE study.
Drug resistance is widespread among children who receive long-term antiretroviral treatment at a rural Tanzanian hospital.
PMID: 20576637
2010
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Table: K219Q
Genetic characterization of HIV type 1 among patients with suspected immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in Kenya.
PMID: 20624074
2010
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: These included nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) mutations: M41L, K65R, D67N, K70R, M184V, and K219Q, and nonnucleoside RTI mutations: K101P, L100I, K103N, and Y181C.
Dynamics of HIV-1 quasispecies during antiviral treatment dissected using ultra-deep pyrosequencing.
Introduction: This region includes the following important and well-defined drug resistance mutations to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs): L210W, T215Y/F and K219Q/E associated with resistance to zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (d4T); M184I/V associated with resistance to lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC); and Y181C/I/V, Y188C/L/H and G190S/A associated with resistance to nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV) and etravirin (ETR).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2011
Antiviral therapy
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