Abstract: To test the predictions of this model, we analyzed the effects of previously identified cn mutations in combination with thymidine analog mutations (D67N, K70R, T215Y, and K219Q) on in vitro RNase H activity and AZT monophosphate (AZTMP) excision.
HIV drug resistance pattern among HAART-exposed patients with suboptimal virological response in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
PMID: 18667925
2008
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Although not significant, other TAMs (M41L, T215F/Y, K219Q/E) also occurred more frequently among CRF06_cpx strains as well.
Natural variation of HIV-1 group M integrase: implications for a new class of antiretroviral inhibitors.
Result: Whereas K215N/R, K219N/Q, R269K, and R284G are reported polymorphisms, the remaining positively charged residues were nonpolymorphic.
HIV type 1 subtype C drug resistance among pediatric and adult South African patients failing antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 19000027
2008
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Ninety-one percent of patients harbored resistance mutations; the most frequent NRTI mutations were M184V/I (37%), D67N (32%), T215Y/F (25%), K70R (21%), M41L (20%), K219Q/E (14%), and K65R (14%), reflecting the frequent use of lamuvidine and zidovudine.
Silent mutations are selected in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and affect enzymatic efficiency.
Introduction: By contrast, the mutations M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219Q/E - typically referred to as thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) - augment the ability of HIV-1 RT to excise the chain-terminating NRTI-monophosphate from a prematurely terminated DNA chain.
Method: D67N/K70R/T215F/K219Q (TAM67) and TAM67/K65R HIV-1 RT were generated by site-directed mutagenesis of WT HIV-1LAI RT.
Result: To address a possible mechanism by which the si
Mechanism by which a glutamine to leucine substitution at residue 509 in the ribonuclease H domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase confers zidovudine resistance.
Result: By comparison, TAMs, which include M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, and K219Q/E, increase the ability of HIV-1 RT to excise a chain-terminating NRTI-monophosphate (NRTI-MP) from a DNA chain.
[Research on the selective kinetics of HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug resistance-associated mutations among 4 AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy].
PMID: 19103117
2008
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi
Abstract: TAMs pattern 2, including D67N, K70R and K219Q mutations, was discovered in patient 'B'.
The fitness cost of mutations associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance is modulated by mutational interactions.
Abstract: We also demonstrate that the fitness cost of M184V and K70R can be decreased or enhanced by other resistance mutations such as D67N and K219Q.
[Prevalence of mutations of resistance to HIV-I reverse transcriptase inhibitors among HIV-infected patients in the Southern Federal District].
Abstract: The group of patients receiving antiviral treatment was found to have different drug resistance mutations in the HIV-1 pol gene: K70R, M184V, K219Q, T215Y/F, L74V, etc.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2008
PLoS medicine
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