Abstract: RESULTS: Eight mutations were associated with a reduced virological response to ddI: M41L, D67N, T69D, L74V, V1181, L210W, T215Y/F and K219Q/E and two mutations with a better virological response: K70R and M184V/I.
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activity and resistance profile of 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-4'-ethynylthymidine in vitro.
PMID: 16048947
2005
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Approximately 6- to 11-fold decreases in susceptibility to 4'-Ed4T were observed for HIV-1 carrying NRTI-associated mutations (D67N, K70R, T215F, and K219Q) or the lamivudine (3TC)-resistant mutation M184V.
Structural analysis of reverse transcriptase mutations at codon 215 explains the predominance of T215Y over T215F in HIV-1 variants selected under antiretroviral therapy.
Abstract: Mutation T215F was preferentially associated with K70R (>71%), D67N (>73%) and K219Q/E/N (>76%), whereas T215Y was associated with M41L (>84%) and L210W (>58%).
Substitutions in the Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Genes of HIV-1 Subtype B in Untreated Individuals and Patients Treated With Antiretroviral Drugs.
PMID: 19825125
2005
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Table: K219Q
Mutations conferring drug resistance affect eukaryotic expression of HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase.
PMID: 15018707
2004
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Genes encoding AZT-resistant RTs with single or combined mutations D67N, K70R, T215F, and K219Q, and RTs derived from drug-resistant HIV-1 strains were designed and expressed in a variety of eukaryotic cells.
Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 carrying the D67N or K219Q/E mutation evolves rapidly to zidovudine resistance in vitro and shows a high replicative fitness in the presence of zidovudine.
Abstract: Both HXB2(D67N/K219Q) and HXB2(D67N) were more fit than HXB2(WT) in the presence of either low or high AZT concentrations, likely reflecting low-level resistance to AZT that is not detectable by phenotypic testing.
Abstract: Four site-directed mutants with D67N, K219Q, K219E, and D67N/K219Q were also made in HIV-1(HXB2).
Abstract: In the absence of AZT, the fitness cost conferred by D67N or K219Q was modest.
Abstract: In vitro selection of AZT resistance showed that viruses with D67N and/or K219Q/E acquired AZT resistance mutations more rapidly
Primary drug-resistance in HIV-positive patients on initiation of first-line antiretroviral therapy in Germany.
PMID: 15257882
2004
European journal of medical research
Phenotypic impact of HIV reverse transcriptase M184I/V mutations in combination with single thymidine analog mutations on nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance.
Abstract: HIV-1 variants containing amino acid substitutions within the coding region of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), such as the 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)-resistant variant AZT-R (M41L/D67N/K70R/T215Y/K219Q) and a variant containing an insertion in the fingers domain (S69SGR70/T215Y), are resistant to the nucleoside RT inhibitor (NRTI) AZT because of an increase in the level of excision of AZT monophosphate (AZTMP) from the primer.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2005
AIDS (London, England)
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