Pre-steady-state kinetic characterization of wild type and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase: implication of RNA directed DNA polymerization in the mechanism of AZT resistance.
Abstract: A detailed pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of wild type and the clinically important AZT resistant mutant (D67N, K70R, T215Y, K219Q) HIV-1 reverse transcriptase was conducted to understand the mechanistic basis of drug resistance.
Evolution of zidovudine resistance-associated genotypes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients.
PMID: 8624762
1996
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology
Abstract: In p87, K70R also appeared at 4 months, but T215Y and K219Q were not observed until 18 months and M41L not at all.
Effects of zidovudine-selected human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase amino acid substitutions on processive DNA synthesis and viral replication.
Abstract: Certain amino acid substitutions in the reverse transcriptase (RT), including D67N, K70R, T215Y, and K219Q, cause high-level resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to zidovudine (3'-azidothymidine; AZT) and appear to approximate the template strand of the enzyme-template-primer complex in structural models.
Abstract: The results confirm that RT mutations D67N, K70R, T215Y, and K219Q affect an enzyme-template-primer interaction in vitro and suggest that such substitutions may affect HIV-1 pathogenesis during therapy by increasing viral replication capacity in cells stimulated after i
Zidovudine treatment results in the selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants whose genotypes confer increasing levels of drug resistance.
PMID: 7509370
1994
The Journal of general virology
Abstract: High level resistance to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine or Retrovir) is conferred by the presence of four or five mutations (Met-41-->Leu; Asp-67-->Asn; Lys-70-->Arg; Thr-215-->Tyr or Phe; Lys-219-->Gln) in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase.
Sensitivity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and its mutants to inhibition by azidothymidine triphosphate.
Abstract: A reverse transcriptase containing a set of four mutations (D67N, K70R, T215Y, K219Q) known to cause resistance to AZT in cell culture assays has a ratio of incorporation that is 0.77 +/- 0.03 times the ratio for the wild-type reverse transcriptase opposite one specific template adenosine.
Multiple mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase confer high-level resistance to zidovudine (AZT).
Abstract: Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of the reverse transcriptase (RT) coding region from five pairs of sensitive and resistant isolates identified three predicted amino acid substitutions common to all the resistant strains (Asp67----Asn, Lys70----Arg, Thr215----Phe or Tyr) plus a fourth in three isolates (Lys219----Gln).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
1997
Biochemistry
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