Gag P2/NC and pol genetic diversity, polymorphism, and drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 CRF02_AG- and non-CRF02_AG-infected patients in Yaounde, Cameroon.
Method: Analysis of pol sequences showed that 11 of these 32 subjects (34.3%) were infected with viruses harboring major DRMs, including major resistance mutations to NRTIs such as D67N, K70R, M184V, K219Q/E, T215F, and T69N; and major resistance mutations to NNRTIs such as Y181C, K103N, V106A/M, P225H, Y188L, H221Y, V108I, L100I (Tables 2 and 3).
Method: Six of the 11 subjects wi
Upward trends of acquired drug resistances in Ethiopian HIV-1C isolates: A decade longitudinal study.
Result: Among the two TAMs pathways, TAM-2 which features D67N, K70R, T215F, and K219E/Q mutations was more common than the TAM-1 which features M41L, L210W and T215Y.
Discussion: Lastly, the study in one side identified an increasing common mutational pathways overtime with two thymidine non-analog (M184V and K65R) and three thymidine analog (D67N, K70R and K219E) major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-associated DRMs and four major NNRTI-as
Prevalence of drug resistance mutations in HAART patients infected with HIV-1 CRF06_cpx in Estonia.
Abstract: The most common NRTI mutations were M184V (80%), L74V (31%), L74I (17%), K219E (9%), and M184I (9%), NNRTI mutations were K103N (83%), P225H (14%), L100I (11%), and Y188L (11%), reflecting generally the similar pattern of DRMs to that seen in treatment failed subtype B viruses.
Comparison of genotypic and virtual phenotypic drug resistance interpretations with laboratory-based phenotypes among CRF01_AE and subtype B HIV-infected individuals.
Result: All 3 participants who had genotype testing showed RAMs; two had isolated RAMs (one E138K and the other Y181C), and the third had multiple RAMs (V75I, E138K, Y181C, M184I, K219E, and M230L).
HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations in Newly Diagnosed Antiretroviral-Naive Patients in Turkey.
PMID: 26414663
2016
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: However, TAMs were divided into three categories and M41L, L210W, and T215Y mutations were found for TAM1 in 97 (7.4%) patients, D67N, K70R, K219E/Q/N/R, T215F, and T215C/D/S mutations were detected for TAM2 in 52 (3.9%) patients, and M41L + K219N and M41L + T215C/D/S mutations were detected for the TAM1 + TAM2 profile in 22 (1.7%) patients, respectively.
Biochemical characterization of a multi-drug resistant HIV-1 subtype AG reverse transcriptase: antagonism of AZT discrimination and excision pathways and sensitivity to RNase H inhibitors.
Abstract: We analyzed a multi-drug resistant (MR) HIV-1
Result: Finally, in July 2008 four out of six TAMs relevant for highly efficient AZTMP excision (M41L, D67N, T215Y and K219E, missing K70R and L210W) as well as four out of five discrimination mutations (A62V, V75I, F116Y and Q151M, lacking F77I) were present.
Result: In May 2003 the accessory TAM K219E occurred (Supplementary Table S1) although at that point in time the two NRTIs 3TC and TDF, which are not readily excised, were used (Supplementary Table S2).
Surveillance of HIV Transmitted Drug Resistance in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Result: This decreasing trend was associated with reductions in frequency of several DR mutations including D67N, K70R, M184V, L210W, T215F, T215Y, and K219E (p<0.05; Fig 5).
Discussion: 3.1%, p<0.0001), with a significant reduction in the frequency of M184V and of most thymidine analogue mutations (TAM), including D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F, T215Y, and K219E.
Treatment failure and drug resistance in HIV-positive patients on tenofovir-based first-line antiretroviral therapy in western Kenya.
PMID: 27231099
2016
Journal of the International AIDS Society
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2017
PloS one
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