Introduction: With regard to subtype, in subjects infected with HIV-1 subtype B, the thymidine analogue mutations pathway 1 or TAM-1 (including mutations M41L, L210W and T215Y) is probably more frequent than the TAM-2 pathway (including mutations D67N, K70R, T215F and K219E/Q), although systematic studies of these pathways have not been done.
Method: RT mutations were identified from the International AIDS Society USA Drug (IAS-USA) mutation tables, spring 2008 (http://www.iasusa.org/resistance_mutations): M41L, K65R, D67N, insertion 69,
Correlation between resistance profile and immunosuppression in heavily treated HIV-1 infected Romanian patients.
PMID: 22180722
2011
Romanian biotechnological letters
Result: Thymidine analog mutations, TAMs, selected by zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (D4T) were usually accompanying this mutation; TAM-2 pathway (mutations D67N, K70R, T215F) was most commonly encountered in immunossupressed patients (28.6%), as well as other substitutions that by themselves, or while accompanying other mutations, confer NRTI resistance: K219E/K/Q (38.1%) and T69N (19%).
Does GSS still maintain relevance on HAART outcome after the introduction of newest active antiretroviral drugs? 48 weeks results.
Abstract: Data also showed a > 60% recurrence of specific mutations for NRTI: M41L, M184IV, L210W, T215FY, K219EQ and 75% for D67N.
Low-abundance HIV species and their impact on mutational profiles in patients with virological failure on once-daily abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine and tenofovir.
PMID: 20008905
2010
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Introduction: M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219Q/E), such that they are rarely detected in vivo in the same sample by population sequencing.
Result: At baseline, Subject 5 had viral clones containing K103N with or without T215A, or with Y188L resistance mutations, while at VF clones with one or more of the following mutations: M41L, D67N, K70R, M184V, Y188L, T215F or L, and K219E were detected, but
Dynamics of HIV-1 quasispecies during antiviral treatment dissected using ultra-deep pyrosequencing.
Introduction: This region includes the following important and well-defined drug resistance mutations to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs): L210W, T215Y/F and K219Q/E associated with resistance to zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (d4T); M184I/V associated with resistance to lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC); and Y181C/I/V, Y188C/L/H and G190S/A associated with resistance to nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV) and etravirin (ETR).
Result: None of the five individuals had significant levels of PMID: 20852643
2010
Nature structural & molecular biology
Introduction: The mutations commonly associated with excision-mediated AZT resistance are M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y, T215F, K219Q and K219E.
Emergence of multiclass drug-resistance in HIV-2 in antiretroviral-treated individuals in Senegal: implications for HIV-2 treatment in resouce-limited West Africa.
Result: HIV-1-associated thymidine analogue mutations (M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E) were not found, with the exception of K70R, which was present in a strain from 1 patient (in conjunction with K65R, Q151M, and 219E, the latter of which is commonly present in wild-type HIV-2 in ARV therapy naive patients).
Profile of HIV type 1 infection and genotypic resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs in treatment-naive HIV type 1-infected individuals in Hai Phong, Viet Nam.
PMID: 19239356
2009
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: We found RT inhibitor-associated major resistance mutations in 7/273 cases (2.6%; one occurrence each of L74I, M184I, and K219E; three cases of K103N; and two cases of G190E).
Emergence of primary NNRTI resistance mutations without antiretroviral selective pressure in a HAART-treated child.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2011
Antiviral therapy
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