literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Prevalence of Drug Resistance and Associated Mutations in a Population of HIV-1(+) Puerto Ricans: 2006-2010.

PMID: 22593823 2012 AIDS research and treatment

Result: Statistically significant differences between men and women were observed for K70R (P = 0.04) and K219Q (P = 0.03) in 2006, K103N (P = 0.02) in 2007, K219E (P = 0.03) in 2009 (data not shown), and V118I (P = 0.03) in 2010.

Assessing subtypes and drug resistance mutations among HIV-1 infected children who failed antiretroviral therapy in Kelantan, Malaysia.

PMID: 22729198 2012 The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases

Abstract: The most prevalent RT mutations were T215F/V/Y (66.7%), D67G/N (55.6%), K219Q/E/R (44.4%), M184V/I (38.9%), K70R/E (27.8%) and M41L (27.8%), associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) resistance; and K103N (55.6%), G190A (33.3%), and K101P/E/H (27.8%) associated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) resistance.

Connection domain mutations during antiretroviral treatment failure in Mali: frequencies and impact on reverse transcriptase inhibitor activity.

PMID: 22828721 2012 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Method: Thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) were defined as M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, K219E/Q.

Clinical, virological and biochemical evidence supporting the association of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase polymorphism R284K and thymidine analogue resistance mutations M41L, L210W and T215Y in patients failing tenofovir/emtricitabine therapy.

PMID: 22889300 2012 Retrovirology

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) selected under treatment with nucleoside analogues generate two distinct genotypic profiles in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT): (i) TAM1: M41L, L210W and T215Y, and (ii) TAM2: D67N, K70R and K219E/Q, and sometimes T215F.

Introduction: However, combinations of M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219E/Q increase ATP-mediated

Table: K219E

Virological failure rates and HIV-1 drug resistance patterns in patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in semirural and rural Gabon.

PMID: 23199801 2012 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Result: TAM-2 mutations included K219Q/E/R (n=4), D67N/G (n=4), and K70R (n=3).

Figure: M41L, L210W, and T215Y mutations are indicative of the TAM-1 pathway; D67N/G, K70R, T215F, and K219Q/E/R mutations are indicative of the TAM-2 pathway.

Low prevalence of transmitted K65R and other tenofovir resistance mutations across different HIV-1 subtypes: implications for pre-exposure prophylaxis.

PMID: 23305651 2012 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Method: Tenofovir-associated resistance mutations included K65R, T69 insertion, K70E and >=3 thymidine-analogue mutations (TAMs; M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, K219Q/E), inclusive of either M41L or L210W.

"K70Q adds high-level tenofovir resistance to ""Q151M complex"" HIV reverse transcriptase through the enhanced discrimination mechanism."

PMID: 21249155 2011 PloS one

Introduction: Increased excision of NRTIs is imparted by Excision Enhancement Mutations, typically M41L, D67N, K70R, T215Y/F, L210W, and K219E/Q (also known as Thymidine Associated Mutations, or TAMs).

Differences in reversion of resistance mutations to wild-type under structured treatment interruption and related increase in replication capacity.

PMID: 21297946 2011 PloS one

Introduction: The authors reported a faster rate of reversion for primary resistance mutations (K70R, M184I/V, T215Y/F in RT, and D30N, M46I/L, V82A, L90M in PR) compared to secondary mutations (M41L, D67N, T69D/N, L210W, K219Q/E in RT and L10I/V, L63P, A71V/T, V77I in PR)

Clinical significance of HIV reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-resistance mutations.

PMID: 21449841 2011 Future microbiology

Abstract: Several large-scale HIV-1 genotypic analyses have revealed that the most prevalent nucleos(t)ide analog RT inhibitor (NRTI)-resistance mutation is M184V/I followed by a series of thymidine analog-associated mutations: M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F and K219Q/E.

Thymidine analogue excision and discrimination modulated by mutational complexes including single amino acid deletions of Asp-67 or Thr-69 in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

PMID: 21504903 2011 The Journal of biological chemistry

Abstract: K219E reduced both ATP- and pyrophosphate-mediated excision of primers terminated with thymidine analogues, only when introduced in RTs bearing Delta69 or S68G/Delta69/K70G, providing further biochemical evidence that explains the lack of association of Delta69 and TAMs in HIV-1 isolates.

Abstract: However, pre-steady-state kinetics revealed only minor differences in selectivity of AZT-triphosphate versus dTTP between deletion-containing RTs and their homologous enzymes having the K219E mutation.

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