Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in a Large US Clinic Population.
Method: A subset of the NRTI-associated SDRMs were classified as thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) including M41L, D67N/G, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, K219Q/E/R/N, and the T215 revertants T215C/D/E/I/S/V (which evolve from T215F/Y in the absence of selective drug pressure).
Genetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance-associated mutation profile of treated and naive HIV-1 infected patients from the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon.
Result: Eleven (25%, 11/44) of the RTRM were thymidine analogue mutations (T215FY [2.5%, 6/239], K70R [1.7%, 4/239] and 0.8% (2/239) each of D67N, L210W, M41L, and K219Q/E (Fig 2).
Table: K219E/Q
HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Amino Acids Signatures Associated with Clade B Transmitted/Founder and Recent Viruses.
Discussion: Generally, it is known that mutations selected by TAMS confer resistance to internationally approved NRTIs; examples of such TAMS encountered in the study are M41 L, D67N, K70R, L210 W, T215Y/F and K219Q/E.
Discussion: However, in the other mothers in this group, M184 V occurred with Thymidine Analogue-Associated Mutations (K70R, K219E, M41 LM and T215I); it therefore produced a synergistic effect that led to different levels of reduction in susceptibility.
Detection of minority drug resistant mutations in Malawian HIV-1 subtype C-positive patients initiating and on first-line antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 29977795
2018
African journal of laboratory medicine
Result: Other minority mutations including M41L, A62V, D67N, T69D, V75M, T215F and K219E were found in one sample each.
Table: K219E
Risk factors and outcomes for the Q151M and T69 insertion HIV-1 resistance mutations in historic UK data.
Impact of Antiretroviral Regimens on Cerebrospinal Fluid Viral Escape in a Prospective Multicohort Study of Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Adults in the United States.
Result: Given the high frequency of M184V/I detected in all samples (28%, 56/197), these mutations were combined with thymidine-analog mutations (TAMs; ie, M41L, L210W, T215Y, D67N, K70R, T215F, K219Q/E) for analysis.
Distinct Pattern of Thymidine Analogue Mutations with K65R in Patients Failing Tenofovir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy.
PMID: 29084434
2018
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: These were exclusively K219E +- D67N and were not predicted to confer a resistance cost to future AZT-containing regimens.
Introduction: Based on significant previous research of DRMs, TAMs have been described to associate into one of two distinct pathways: TAM-1 (M41L, L210W, T215Y) or TAM-2 (D67N, K70R, T215F, K219E/Q).
Introduction: For all TAMs, with the exception of K219E, D67N, and K70R, there was no acquisition from S1 to S2 in patients on TDF, whereas the mean acquisition rates of individual TAMs in the patients on AZT varied from 0.005 mutation
Molecular Antiretroviral Resistance Markers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 of CRF01_AE Subtype in Bali, Indonesia.
Discussion: There are two clusters of TAMs; cluster 1 includes substitutions of M41L, L210W and T215Y, while cluster 2 of D67N, K70R, T125F and K219Q/E/N.
Research on the treatment effects and drug resistances of long-term second-line antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients from Henan Province in China.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2019
Clinical infectious diseases
Browser Board
Co-occurred Entities
Filtrator
ViMRT