Result: Thymidine analog mutations (TAM) were detected in 35.4% of the individuals [17.1% (14/82) TAM-1 (including M41L, L210W, and T215Y) and 20.7% (17/82) TAM-2 (including D67N, K70R, T215F, and K219Q/E)].
Temporal Trends in HIV-1 Mutations Used for the Surveillance of Transmitted Drug Resistance.
Method: Thymidine-analog mutations were defined as the NRTI-SDRMs M41L, D67N/G/E, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F/S/C/D/E/I/V, and K219Q/E/N/R.
High HIV-1 Virological Failure and Drug Resistance among Adult Patients Receiving First-Line ART for At least 12 Months at a Decentralized Urban HIV Clinic Setting in Senegal before the Test-and-Treat.
Result: Nonetheless, in patient 279A K70R co-occurred with K219E, the TAM variant D67G, and T69D, suggesting undisclosed use of AZT (http://hivdb.stanford.edu).
Table: K219E
HIV Drug Resistance Mutations Detection by Next-Generation Sequencing during Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption in China.
Result: However, some minority DRMs at frequencies of 1%-5% disappeared, including N83D with PI-related, K70E, T215A, and K219E with NRTI-related and K101E, Y181C, H221Y and K238T with NNRTI-related, while others emerged, such as NNRTI-related V106A in patient GX088 at a frequency of 8.7%, and L23I, I47V and I84V with PI-related, D67N and
Transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in a large international cohort using next-generation sequencing: results from the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) study.
Abstract: Using the 2% detection threshold, individual DRMs with the highest prevalence were: PI M46IL (5.5%), RT K103NS (3.5%), RT G190ASE (3.1%), T215ISCDVEN (2.5%), RT M41L (2.2%), RT
Discussion: The most commonly detected NRTI DRMs, K219QENR and M184VI, occurred predominately as minor variants while the majority of patients with T215 revertants had the mutation in > 80% of the quasispecies.
Switching to Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in Adults With HIV and M184V/I Mutation.
PMID: 33315694
2021
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Table: K219E
Prevalence and factors associated with HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in treatment-experienced patients in Nairobi, Kenya: A cross-sectional study.
Result: K65R/E/N and K70E mutations conferred resistance to TDF and M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E conferred resistance to AZT.
Result: M184 V/I 87 (28.8%), K65R/E/N 27 (8.9%), L74 V 3 (1.0%), and Y115F 12 (4.0%) were the mutations conferring resistance to NRTIs, along with thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) M41L 14 (4.6%), D67N 17 (5.6%), K70R 20 (6.6%), L210W
Trend of HIV-1 drug resistance in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over 17 years (2001-2017).
Drug Resistance Mutations Against Protease, Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors in People Living With HIV-1 Receiving Boosted Protease Inhibitors in South Africa.
Result: The K219E/Q mutation occurred in six (6%) patients receiving AZT plus 3TC, and in two (2%) patients receiving FTC plus TDF.
Table: K219E/Q
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Viral Load Is Elevated in Individuals With Reverse-Transcriptase Mutation M184V/I During Virological Failure of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy and Is Associated With Compensatory Mutation L74I.
PMID: 31774913
2020
The Journal of infectious diseases
Method: Because some individuals may have been exposed to thymidine analogs before TDF-containing regimens, we excluded individuals with sequences containing TAMs:M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
BioMed research international
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